DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BY: KATRINA JENSEN & SUMMER TAYLOR

ELEMENTS Every substance on earth even our bodies are made up of elements, elements are divided into molecules. Biochemical molecules perform specific jobs in cells. Although one biochemical molecules is not alive. Molecules are divided into 2 atoms.

CHEMICALS IN A LIVING THING All living things contain chemicals called biochemicals. 98% of the biochemicals are made up of 4 elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

TISSUES AND ORGANS A tissue is a group of cells organized into a unit to perform a specific job in the body. Tissues are distributed throughout the body. Organs are two or more tissues that perform a specific job in the body.

NUTRIENTS A substance that a living thing must take in to promote normal growth maintenance, and repair is called a nutrient. Nutrients is gained through eating food. There are 6 nutrient groups 4 of these groups are: protein, carbohydrate, lipids, and vitamins. Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are long chains of molecules that make up proteins. Special proteins that speed up chemical reactions in an organism or cell are enzymes. Carbohydrates are made up of sugars. Complex carbohydrates, or polysaccharides, are long chains of sugar molecules. Lipids are made up of fatty acids. Lipids provide the most energy per gram Vitamins are classified on whether they dissolve in fat or water

WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM? The Digestive System is the process where food is broken down and turned into energy. Without this process we would not have a way to gain energy.

WHAT IS THE PROCESS? 1)It all starts with food being eaten 2)The food then goes through digestion, which is the process by which food is broken down into molecules small enough to be absorbed into the body. The wavelike muscle contractions that push food through the digestive system is peristalsis. 3)Then the food goes through absorption, which is the process by which nutrients molecules are moved into the bloodstream, which then brings the nutrients to every cell in your body.

WHERE DOES IT START? First the food goes through the mouth and is chewed into a soft mass called bolus and swallowed

ESOPHUGUS The bolus then goes through the esophagus which is a long tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Beside the esophagus is the windpipe. A flap of tissue folds over the windpipe preventing the from going down it. Before it goes to the stomach it has to go through a muscle called the sphincter, there are many sphincters throughout the digestive system to make sure the bolus doesn’t go to fast or the wrong way. Other glands hold a large mucus content covering the walls of the stomach so that the acid and enzymes don’t digest the stomach. The food is mixed and blended into a soupy mixture called chyme. The chyme must have a very acidic level before moving on.

STOMACH then the bolus goes though the stomach, the stomach has glands along the wall. Some of these glands hold acid that kills the bacteria in your food. Other glands hold enzymes such as pepsin which separates protein into their amino acid. the stomach has thick mucus glands that cover the wall To make sure the acids don't digest it.

SMALL INTESTINE The chyme then goes though the small intestines. The tiny fingerlike projections that line the fold of the small intestine, increasing the surface area are villi. microvilli, extremely tiny folds of tissue increase the surface area for absorption from the small intestine to the bloodstream. After the nutrients is absorbed into the bloodstream the blood transports the nutrients throughout the body. So that every cell can receive the nutrients it needs for growth and repair.

LARGE INTESTINE All the remaining chyme moves on into the large intestine, also known as the colon. The first half of the large intestine is called the absorbing colon. About 500 mL of chyme passes into the large intestine each day. about 400 mL of the chyme is water and electrolytes, which are absorbed through the absorbing colons walls. The second half of the large intestine is called the storage colon. This is where solid waste (called feces) are stored until they are eliminated through the anus. One of the abnormal conditions of the gastrointestinal tract include enteritis, which is an inflammation of the intestine.

WHY IS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IMPORTANT? Without the Digestive system, almost every other system wouldn't work because without nutrients cells can't work. And every other system requires cells.

WHAT ABOUT DISEASE IN THIS SYSTEM? The digestive system is very important, however some people have problems in their digestive system with disease.