Ch. 17 Nonrenewable Energy

Can you name anything that does not depend on oil?

Sect. 1 Objectives List five factors that influence the value of a fuel. Explain how fuels are used to generate electricity in an electric power plant. Identify patterns of energy consumption and production in the world and in the United States. Explain how fossil fuels form and how they are used. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of fossil- fuel use. List three factors that influence predictions of fossil- fuel production.

Most abundant form of energy comes from the sun! The sun provides us with ~99% of the energy we use to heat buildings and such. Without the sun the temperature on earth would be - 400F Sun gave plants energy long ago and those plants and animals made the fossil fuels we use today

Human Population 1900 – 90% lived on farms – Used solar energy to live 2007 – Less than 2% live on farms Where is our energy coming from now?

Fossil Fuel – the remains of ancient organisms that changed into coal, oil, or natural gas Limited supply Cause environmental problems to use them Most common source of energy

Electricity Advantages – More convenient to use than fossil fuels – Can be transported quickly Disadvantage – Difficult to store – Other energy sources make it HOW?? – electric generators

Electric Generator – machine that converts mechanical energy, or motion, into electricity Turbine – a wheel that changes moving gas or liquid into energy that can do work (electricity)

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Coal Fired Power Plant

Energy Use Developed vs. developing

Worldwide Energy Sources

United States We use more energy per person than any other nation in the world! Except Canada and the United Arab Emirates Why? B/C of transportation! Everyone has a car – Other countries use rail systems

Questions!

How Fossil Fuels Form Coal - formed 100’s of millions of years ago – 1. Swamps covered most of the land – 2. Ocean levels rose and covered the swamps – 3. Sediments were deposited – 4. Plant material was compressed – 5. Heat and pressure from the earth turned the plant material into coal

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Coal – Pros and Cons Coal accounts for half of the electricity in the US Pros – Inexpensive – Needs little refining – Abundant in the US Cons – Harm to the environment Removal of mountains Release of toxic chemicals from rocks Air Pollution – acid rain

Oil and Natural Gas – Tiny marine organisms died and fell to bottom of ocean – They were buried by sediment – Earth’s heat turned them into oil and gas How Fossil Fuels Form

Petroleum – oil that is pumped out of the ground Since oil is a liquid it flows through the earth Impermeable rock around fold and faults trap the oil

Oil – Pros and Cons Pros – Used for many things – Valuable Cons – Air pollution Acid Rain Carbon emission – Oil spills

Oil Reserves – oil deposits that can be extracted profitably using current technology Price vs. Use Will we ever use all the oil on Earth?

Sect. 2 Objectives Describe nuclear fission. Describe how a nuclear power plant works. List three advantages and three disadvantages of nuclear energy. Fission: Splitting Atoms

Nuclear Energy – energy within the nucleus of an atom Where Power plants get their energy! 17% of the worlds energy comes from Nuclear power Uranium is the fuel The force that holds nuclei together are very strong, breaking them apart creates energy This is called Nuclear Fission

Nuclear Fission – when a nuclei is hit with a neutron and splits apart The creates a chain reaction causing other nuclei to break apart releasing large amounts of energy! (heat)

Know how this works! Pg. 477 in your book

Nuclear Power – Pros and Cons Pros – Very concentrated – lots of energy from small amounts of fuel – No greenhouse gas emissions – Less radioactivity – when run properly – Countries with limited fossil fuels can use it

Cons – Initial building costs are very high – Waste storage – hazardous nuclear waste is dangerous and must be stored properly – Melt down!! Release of radioactive material Nuclear Power – Pros and Cons

What’s Next? Nuclear Fusion – when two nuclei combine (fuse) to form a larger nuclei, releasing energy This is why the sun is hot! Much less dangerous!

Brain Pop! clearenergy/ clearenergy/ Watch the clip and take the quiz!

Downsides of nuclear power D=142207