© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4: Folk and Popular Culture The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Habit – a repetitive act that a particular individual performs. individual Custom – a repetitive act that a particular group performsgroup Culturebeginnings…

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Material Culture Two basic categories: folk and popular culture Folk culture Traditionally practiced by small, isolated, homogeneous groups in rural areas Popular culture Characterized by large, heterogeneous groups of people who share common habits despite differences in other personal characteristics Geographers are interested in two aspects of culture: Where cultures are located in space How cultures interact with the environment

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Do Cultures Originate? Folk culture = originators usually unknown Popular culture = hearth FROM more developed countries (MDCs) People in MDCs=disposable income & leisure time…

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Hip-Hop Map Figure 4-3

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Do Cultures Diffuse? Folk culture diffuses slowly, primarily through migration, and at a small scale Example: Diffusion of Amish culture Popular culture diffuses rapidly, via hierarchical diffusion, and over a large scale Example: Sports &Technology

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of Amish Figure 4-4

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Iroquois Lacrosse Figure 4-5

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Folk Culture Clustered? Folk culture = close connection to the environment Most* folk cultures are rural and agricultural Clothing is often tied to environmental conditions Example: Wooden clogs in the NetherlandsWooden clogs in the Netherlands Folk cultures can ignore environmental conditions

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Folk Culture Clustered? Food preferences and the environment Food preferences are adapted to the environment Example: In Asia, rice is grown in milder, wetter environments whereas wheat is grown in colder, drier environments Food taboos may be especially strong People avoid certain foods because of negative associations with that food Terroir = the sum effects of the local environment on a particular food item (LIKE CHEESE OR WINE)

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Istanbul Vegetable Garden Figure 4-6

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Swine Stock Figure 4-8

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Taboo? - defined as: a restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom. COMMON TABOO ITEMS FOODS, RELATIONSHIPS, LANGUAGE, OBSCENITY, ETC.. RESEARCH- TABOO’S

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Folk Culture Clustered? Folk housing and the environment Housing = a reflection of cultural heritage, current fashion, function, and the physical environment most common building materials = wood &brick Minor differences in the environment can produce very different house styles

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Hearths of House Types Figure 4-12

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. House Types (1945–1990) Figure 4-16

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. House Types in Four Western Chinese Communities Figure 4-9

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Popular Culture Widely Distributed?

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Convergence of Cultural Landscapes: The widespread distribution of businesses and products creates distinctive landscape stamps around the world. What are examples of businesses that can be found around the world?

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Brazil, the McCalabresa is a hamburger-sized slab of pepperoni on a bun. Quebecois McDonald's patrons can get McPoutine. Greece, burgers in pita bread with yogurt sauce, tomato, lettuce & onions Greek Mac. Israelis get to enjoy McShawarma and McCabe. Japan Tamago Double Mac—two beef patties, pepper sauce, bacon. and a poached egg. Pakistanis McChutney Burger and Poland's McKielbasa.”

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Diffusion of popular housing, clothing, and food Popular culture varies more in time than place Food customs: consumption of large quantities of snack foods and alcohol Clothing styles: reflect occupation rather than environment Housing: reflects fashion trends since the 1940’s in the United States

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Consumption of Canadian Whiskey and Tequila Figure 4-14

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Electronic diffusion of popular culture Watching television The most popular leisure activity in MDCs Diffusion from the United States to the rest of the world = 50 years The Internet Diffusion from the United States to the rest of the world = 10 years

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Diffusion of TV Figure 4-18

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Diffusion of Facebook Figure 4-21

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. We are now active!!!! Please find EXAMPLES of how the world imitates American culture. It is OK if you find adaptations like the TAMAGO Double Mac but make sure it something we can connect to our culture. Think music, foods, clothing, entertainment, etc. After you locate, discuss the cultural influences of the place that IMPACTED the change. Think religion, class structure or caste, government, etc. BE ABLE TO DISCUSS YOUR FINDINGS

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Does Popular Culture Cause Problems?

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Threats to folk culture Loss of traditional values Media imperialism Satellites Limit government control of information

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Environmental impact of popular culture Modifying nature Golf courses Uniform landscapes Negative impacts Increased demand for natural resources Pollution