H Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) H 19 th Amendment H 1961, President’s Commission on the Status of Women H 1964, Civil Rights Act

H Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963) H National Organization for Women (1966)

H 1968 Miss America Pageant H Gloria Steinem, Ms. H Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) H Roe v. Wade (1973) H Title IX

H Reed v. Reed (1971) H Frontiero v. Richardson (1973) H Scrutiny of racial discrimination: H History of discrimination H Malicious discrimination H Lack of political power H Immutable characteristic H Easy to distinguish

H Craig v. Boren (1976) H United States v. Virginia (1996)

H The case H The decision: H “the right to privacy, whether it be found in the Fourteenth Amendment’s concept of personal liberty, as we feel it is, or as the District Court determined, in the Ninth Amendment’s reservation of rights to the people, is broad enough to encompass a woman’s decision whether or not to terminate a pregnancy.”

H Criticism H The state’s right to regulate abortion: H Fetal viability H Health of the mother H The 2 nd trimester H More criticism

H Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983) H Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) H Protecting the Court H “Undue burden”