2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Living things consist of atoms of different elements. An atom: is the smallest basic unit of matter. An element is one type of atom. H O Element 1: Hydrogen atom (H) Element 2: Oxygen atom (O) Outermost Energy Level: electrons here determine how atoms form ions or form covalent bonds. 1. electron 2. nucleus Composed of: 3. protons 4. neutrons

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules –The nucleus has protons and neutrons. –An energy level is a region around a nucleus in which electrons are located. Oxygen atom (O) Nucleus: 8 protons (+) 8 neutrons outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-) inner energy level: 2 electrons (-) An atom has a nucleus and electrons.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules –Ex: water (H 2 O) O HH _ ++ A compound is made of atoms of different elements bonded together.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules –EX: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) A compound is made of atoms of different elements bonded together. –water (H 2 O)

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules –Ex: many other carbon-based compounds in living things (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids) A compound is made of atoms of different elements bonded together. –water (H 2 O) –carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules STOP & REVIEW All living things are based on _________ and their __________________. All living things are based on __atoms_______ and their _____interactions_____________. An ______________ is the smallest basic unit of matter. An ____atom__________ is the smallest basic unit of matter. A ____________ is made of atoms of different elements bonded together. EX: _____________, _________, and ______________________. A ___compound_________ is made of atoms of different elements bonded together. EX: __water___________, __carbon dioxide_______, and __carbon based macromolecules____________________.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons. An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. –positive ions: formed when atoms lose electrons, tend to be formed by atoms with fewer outer energy level electrons. –negative ions: formed when atoms gain electrons, tend to be formed by atoms with nearly full outer energy levels. Sodium atom (Na)Chlorine atom (CI)Sodium ion (Na + )Chloride ion (CI - ) Na loses an electron to CI ionic bond gained electron

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons. Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions due to electrical attraction.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Atoms share pairs of electrons in covalent bonds. A covalent bond forms when atoms share a pair of electrons. A Molecule: atoms bonded together by covalent bonds; not necessarily a compound covalent bonds Oxygen atom (O)Carbon atom (C)Oxygen atom (O) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules STOP & REVIEW An _________ is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. An __ion_______ is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. ___________________ form between oppositely charged ions due to electrical attraction. _____ionic bond______________ form between oppositely charged ions due to electrical attraction. A ____________________ forms when atoms share a pair of electrons A ___covalent bond_________________ forms when atoms share a pair of electrons

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules TED-ED Video