WWI at Home Modern war requires a shift from peacetime economy to wartime economy(requires help) Wilson and Congress create War Industries Board (WIB),

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WWI at Home Modern war requires a shift from peacetime economy to wartime economy(requires help) Wilson and Congress create War Industries Board (WIB), headed by Baruch, to regulate economy in best interest of war effort Mass production, standardization, testing used to maximize output While prices of many consumer goods in US rise, so do profits from all war related industries Majority of Americans are behind the war effort and do make sacrifices –Victory gardens, “Wheatless Wednesday”, “Meatless Mondays”

National War Labor Board created to prevent strikes in war industries(“work or fight”) Govt. pays for war by increasing income taxes, excise taxes, and selling war bonds Wilson creates the Committee on Public Information, headed by Creel, to make the war popular in US –Four minute men, artists, ad men all used to shape opinions

Americans of German, Austrian, and Hungarian descent all become victims of anti-immigrant hysteria which was a side effect of CPI’s work Some of the anti-Central Power hysteria gets out of control (lynching, assaults, etc.) Schools stopped teaching German, music classes stopped listening to Mozart and Beethoven, towns changed names, hamburgers were now liberty sandwiches, sauerkraut becomes liberty cabbage, panic ensued, chaos reigned In an effort to silence war critics, the Espionage and Sedition Acts allow people to be arrested for any anti-war activity

Supreme Court upholds Espionage Act and restricts free speech in Schenck v US, “clear and present danger” test is created Supreme Court upholds Sedition Act in Abrams v. US, because they advocated violence against US govt. and instigated a strike at a munitions plant Social Changes in US The need for labor in the North accelerates the movement of blacks out of the South into cities in North. Faced many problems there. Women stepped up and showed they too can do “man’s work” by filling the labor void left by the draft

What ended WWI? Fall 1918, flu epidemic that already was affecting Europe and Asia, hits US By the time it goes away in 1919, it will claim as many as 40 million lives worldwide, including nearly 500,000 here in the US All of WWI claimed about 26 million lives, including 117,000 Americans Americans will look to Wilson to create a peace that will insure something like WWI will never happen again Too bad nobody in Europe will listen to him