Macromolecules

Introduction Macro = big Made of carbon molecules Monomer = small molecule (one part) – Can make polymers Polymers = many parts – Macromolecule – monomer-monomer-monomer-monomer

Carbohydrates Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen in ratio of 1:2:1 Subunits = Sugars Used for quick energy Molecular structure = rings or chains of rings

Carbohydrates Types: – Monosaccharides = one sugar (glucose) – Disaccharides = two sugars (sucrose) – Polysaccharides = many sugars (starch) Tests: – Monosaccharides = Benedict’s solution – Starches = Iodine Benedict’s Solution Iodine Test

Proteins Subunits = amino acids Used for cell and tissue structure also for speeding up chemical reactions (enzymes) SHAPE determines FUNCTION!!!! Insulin – lowers blood sugar Hemoglobin – carries oxygen in blood to cells Keratin – protein in hair

Proteins How are proteins made? Chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds – Polypeptide chain Chains fold into specific shapes Test: – Biuret Solution

Lipids Subunit: fatty acids Fats and oils Used for long-term energy storage, insulation, waxy coatings, cell membranes Molecular Structure: – Long carbon chain with many hydrogen’s

Lipids Unsaturated = _________________________ Saturated = ___________________________ Test: – Brown paper bag Liquid at room temperature Solid at room temperature

Nucleic Acids Subunit = nucleotide Used for storing and transferring genetic material – DNA & RNA Made of one or two strands of nucleotides