Chapter 10.1 Preparing for War

I. Introduction A.Expansion of Slavery had been a key issue for years B.Confederacy had task of building and maintaining new government C.Lincoln’s goal was preservation of the Union

II. The Nation Divides A.February Seven states had seceded 2. Eight other slave states had not decided yet B.Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter forced a decision 1. Lincoln declared a rebellion against U.S. Gov. 2. April 15, 1861 – called for 75,000 troops 3. Four more slave states seceded a. Virginia b. North Carolina c. Tennessee d. Arkansas

II. The Nation Divides 4.Four states become border states a. Maryland b. Missouri c. Delaware d. Kentucky

II. The Nation Divides C.Virginia’s choice created new state 1. Northwestern part never supported slavery 2. Broke away from Virginia 3. Created state of West Virginia 4. Banned Slavery

United States in Civil War

II. The Nation Divides D.Four remaining slave states became known as the border states 1. Stayed loyal to Union 2. Loyalties of people fiercely divided 3. Maryland was crucial and divided a. Surrounded Washington D.C. b. Lincoln feared Maryland might join the Confederacy c. Declared statewide martial law 4. Borders states critical to Union a. Lincoln careful not to upset b. Spoke only of preserving the Union

Baltimore Riots, April 19, 1861 Before the inauguration there were rumors of an assassination plot against Lincoln. Lincoln was forced to sneak through the city at night. A week after the shelling of Fort Sumter the first regiment responding to Lincoln’s call for soldiers arrived in Baltimore. Confederate sympathizers rioted. In the mayhem the soldiers escaped after abandoning much of their equipment. May 13, 1861, martial law was declared

III. Preparing for War A.Strengths of the North 1. Population a. 22 million in the North b. 9 million in South (3 million slaves) c. More people to produce war goods d. More soldiers e. South used 90% of white, male population in army 2. Industry and Railroads a. More artillery, uniforms b. Move troops and supplies 3. Leadership a. Abraham Lincoln 4. Navy

III. Preparation for War B.Strengths of the South 1. Country’s best military leaders a. Robert E. Lee b. Stonewall Jackson 2. Best military colleges 3. Southerners better on horseback and with guns 4. Only needed to fight defensive war a. Fought on own soil b. North had to invade and conquer 5. North had to establish long supply lines 6. Hoped to gain British support because of cotton

Robert E. Lee (1807 – 1870) Born in Virginia. Son of Revolutionary war hero “Light horse Harry Lee and from a long line of Lee’s. Graduated from West Point (without a single demerit). Served with distinction in Mexican American War. Rose to rank of Colonel in U.S. Army. He turned down field command in Union army. Acted as advisor to Jefferson Davis then as field commander of Army of Northern Virginia. After war, was head of Washington college until his death. "With all my devotion to the Union and the feeling of loyalty and duty of an American citizen, I have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my home. I have therefore resigned my commission in the Army, and save in defense of my native State, with the sincere hope that my poor services may never be needed, I hope I may never be called on to draw my sword....." Lee in a letter to his sister, April 20, 1861

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Born: 1824 in Virginia Worked to support the family of his widowed mother. He attended West Point and graduated 17 th in a class of 59 cadets. Fought with distinction in the artillery in Mexico. Resigned his commission and taught artillery and natural philosophy at VMI. Is nicknamed “Tom Fool” by his students. Nicknamed “Stonewall” at Battle of Bull Run where troops were rallied with cry “There is Jackson standing like a stonewall.” Deeply religious. His Infantry moved so quickly they were called “foot cavalry”. Wounded by “friendly fire” he later died of wounds.

IV. Early Battles and Strategies A.Both sides thought war would be easy and short 1. Lincoln asked volunteers for only 90 days 2. “Only a matter of marching” B.Battle of Bull Run 1. First major battle of war 2. July 21, miles southwest of Washington D.C. 4. Citizens and congressman came to watch 5. Confederates took control of field 6. Inexperienced Union soldiers fled 7. Proved war would be difficult

IV. Early Battles and Strategies C.The Anaconda Plan 1. North Devised Three part plan a. Blockade of Southern ports b. Capture Mississippi River c. Capture Richmond 2. Would mean long war