Health Care Systems Chapter One- Medicine in the United States

Hospitals Size Capability Specialization Who runs it?

 LTC’s w/ “residents”  What’s the difference between a nursing home, skilled care facility, and an assisted/ independent living facility?

Medical Offices Small private offices or large professional complexes Specialties –Obstetrics, pediatrics, cardiology, etc. Services –Examination –Diagnosis –Labs –Treatment

One dentist to large practices with many dental professionalsOne dentist to large practices with many dental professionals General Dentistry or specialistsGeneral Dentistry or specialists –Name some specialties

Group of medical or dental professionals who share a facility- why would they? Government health departments-tax $$ Medical centers at bases, plants, or campuses Convenient centers for common diseases- ex. Diabetes, STD’s, immunizations Some run by HMO’s Place for Med students to practice- why did you think it was cheaper, guinea pig?

Emergency Services Emergency Medical Services Rescue Squads Emergency Care Clinics Emergency Departments of Hospitals Aeromedical Services

Special Diagnostic Tests- Urine, Blood, Biopsy Pathology, Genetics Equipment Research and Development- Dentures to Stem Cells

ome ealth Care in the Patient’s Home Personal Care Therapies (speech, physical, respiratory, occupational) Homemaking Sources Health Departments Hospitals Private Agencies Non-profit and Volunteer

Hospice Agency care for terminally ill persons (6 mos. or less to live) Death with dignity and comfort Family and patient psychological, social, spiritual, and financial counseling

Mental Health Facilities Treat Patients with mental disorders and diseases Include counseling centers, psychiatric clinics, substance abuse treatment centers and physical abuse treatment centers (child abuse, sexual abuse)

Rehabilitation

“We’re from the government- we’re here to help!”

Governmental Health Agencies City, County, State Departments U.S. D.H.H.S.-Several Divisions –NIH-research –CDC- causes, spread, and control –FDA-regulating food and drug products –OSHA-worker protection W.H.O.-sponsored by the U.N. Compiles statistics and information on diseases throughout the world.

Nonprofit Agencies Why are they called nonprofit agencies? Can you name any? What are their goals? Supported by donations, membership fees, fundraisers, federal and state grants. Provide aid at international, national, state, and local levels.

Some National Ranking Statistics to Consider…………. Texas ranks 1 st in –Highest population without health insurance –Highest percentage of uninsured children –Poor working parents without health insurance –Pollution released my manufacturing plants –Polluting plants in violation of the Clean Air Act –Greenhouse gas emissions –Toxic air releases –Most pregnancies in girls 13 and under 2 nd in –Highest number of children living in poverty –second highest nationally in overall birth rates –population of people living with food insecurity 3 rd in –3 rd in third highest in teen birth rates 5 th in –Smoking teens –Teen drug use 6 th in percentage of women living in poverty 46 th in water resources protection 48 th in literacy 48 th in per capita funding for public health 48 th best place to raise children 49 th in spending for the environment 50 th in –monthly benefits for Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) recipients (an average of $26.86 compared to the national average of $41.52) –percentage of pregnant women receiving prenatal care in their first trimester –percentage of residents with a high school diploma AND 25% of children are not immunized until they go to school

If you are fortunate enough to have insurance you can expect… Premiums Deductibles or co-insurance ex. 80/20 Choices of HMO/PPO “managed care” Do you know the difference? What are Medicare, Medicaid, and Worker’s Compensation?

Organizational Structure (Sample private office) Physician (s) Office ManagerPA/NP/RN Secretary /Receptionist Business Dept/Billing Maintenance and Housekeeping Laboratory RN’s LPN’s/LVN’s Medical Assistants

Ancient Egyptians ( BCE)

Ancient Chinese (1700BCE to 220 CE)

Ancient Greece (1200 BCE to 200 BCE)

Ancient Rome (753 BCE to 410 CE)

The Dark Ages ( CE)

Middle Ages (800 to 1400 CE)

The Renaissance (1350 to 1650 CE)

16 th and 17 th Centuries (some hints)

18 th Century Thermometer »Oxygen Bifocals Vitamin C Small Pox Vaccine

19 TH CENTURY Stethoscope Blood Transfusion Humane Mental Health Care Anesthetic Pasteurization Rabies Vaccine Antiseptics 1 st female physician Red Cross Mendel’s genetics Petri Dishes Viruses Discovered Roentgenograms Typhoid Fever Vaccine Gonorrhea and Leprosy identified

20th Century Does anybody know the names of the “test tube baby” or the cloned sheep?

Trends trends