Schema Activator Who am I? Complete ALL 20 I am statements Can be characteristics, personality traits, cultural identities you associate with Why do you see yourself this way? Choose 5 items on your list and state where you learned this from

Socialization Agents 1.Family 2.School 3.Media 4.Religion 5.Peers

Socialization of the Self How do we develop our image of who we are? Three major sociological theories The Looking-Glass Self; Cooley Role Taking; Mead Stages of Reasoning; Piaget All theories assume the “self”, or the idea of who we are, is socially created

The Looking-Glass Self Charles Horton Cooley Our sense of self develops from our interaction with others 1.We imagine how we appear to those around us  What qualities and characteristics do other people associate with you? 2.We interpret other’s reactions  We form conclusions about how others evaluate us  Do they have positive or negative perceptions? 3.We develop a self-concept Other people’s reactions to us frames our feelings and ideas about ourselves A positive reaction = a positive self-concept, a negative reaction = a negative self-concept Not based off of accurate evaluations We are constantly modifying our “self” as a result of interactions with others

Role Taking Robert Mead Essential for children to “play” to see how someone else might think or act First = development of significant other Individuals who significantly influence lives Second = development of generalized other In general the norms, values and expectations of society Internalize expectations of society through play Essential to becoming cooperative members of society Three stages in taking role of the other 1.Imitation – under age 3; mimicking 2.Play – ages 3-6; pretend to take on roles of others 3.Team games – ages 6+; to be able to know your role and others’ roles

Development of Reasoning Jean Piaget Ability to reason is an essential human skill 1.Sensory Motor Stage (birth-2 years) Understanding is limited to direct contact – touching, listening looking Do not separate self from environment 2.Preoperational Stage (2-7 years) Develop the ability to use symbols (letters, numbers, etc.) Do not have full grasp of what symbols mean Cannot take the role of the other yet “step in someone else’s shoes” 3.Concrete Operational Stage (7-12 years) Reasoning is more developed but concrete Cannot talk about abstract concepts such as truth or honesty without concrete examples 4.Formal Operational Stage (12 years and up) Capable of abstract thinking and problem solving Become “young philosophers”

Socialization and Childhood Play Essential Question: Based on the theories of socialization we just learned about (Looking Glass Self, Role Taking, Development of Reasoning) do you think that play time is important for children? Why or why not? Do you think that children, in general, have enough time to play?