African Americans and the Civil Rights Movement in the United States ESL 031/032 Winter 2016

Declaration of Independence Americans wanted a government where all men were free and equal. So, they declared independence from Britain in But, many people in US history had to fight for these rights… Which groups needed to fight for their rights in US history?

What do you know? 1.Which of the words for people originally from Africa are polite? Which are not? African-American, black, colored, Negro, nigger 2.How did African people come to the United States? 3.When was the American Civil War? 4.Who was fighting? Why? 5.What were the results of the American Civil War?

Vocabulary Preview 1.____ Plantations 2.____ Slavery 3.____ The South 4.____ Emancipation 5.____ Amendment 6.____ Segregation 7.____ Discrimination A.Unfair treatment because of race, age, religion or gender B.A system where people are sold for work and often treated badly C.A system that separates a group of people and treats them unfairly D.Large farms E.To free a group of people F.A change to the U.S. Constitution G.U.S. southern “slave” states (Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, etc.) D B G E F C A

The African Slave Trade from

Slavery (1619 – 1861) Slaves work for free and cannot go where they want or to make decisions. Many plantations (large farms) in the South used African-American slaves to grow rice, tobacco, sugar and cotton. Slaves are often mistreated. They are not citizens, and they don’t have rights. They were bought and sold like animals. There were over 4 million slaves in the U.S. by 1860 (8% of the population).

Civil War (1861 – 1865) U.S. Northern “free” states wanted to stop slavery in the South. U.S. Southern “slave” states tried to form a new government. 970,000 people died (More people than all other wars together).

Map of “Free” and “Slave” States During the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation (1863) Abraham Lincoln signed this law in It made slavery illegal. Slavery did not end completely until after the war in 1865

Change to the U.S. Constitution (1867 – 1877) 13 th Amendment - Slavery is not allowed in the U.S. 14 th Amendment - All people including Blacks born in the U.S. are citizens (have equal rights). 15 th Amendment - All men including Blacks (18 years and older) can vote. Note: Women could not vote until 1947 (19 th amendment).

Jim Crow Laws (1865 – 1968) People in the South still believed blacks and other ethnicities were less than whites. The South didn’t want them to have any power. They took away the right to vote and discriminated against them. States passed “Jim Crow” laws to keep blacks separate (segregation).

Segregation Blacks and Whites had separate: Schools & Libraries Jobs, Banks & Housing Public Services Restaurants Sports & Military Hospitals

Rules and Punishment White people called blacks “boy”, “girl” or “nigger” Black people had to say “sir” or “madam” Black people couldn’t: Shake hands with white people Look them in the eye Laugh at them Curse at them Speak to them first Blacks who broke the rules could be jailed, beaten up or lynched

Civil Rights Movement (1950 – 1968) African American groups like the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) started to fight Jim Crow laws in the 1950s and 1960s. Watch the video to see some examples of protestsvideo TIMELINE: Brown vs. Board of Education (Supreme Court) Ended segregated schools 1954 Montgomery (Alabama) Bus Boycott Ended segregated public transportation 1956 Sit-ins at restaurants and other public places to protest segregation 1960s Civil Rights Act passed by President Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 Affirmative Action laws to help blacks get jobs 1965 Loving vs. Virginia Interracial marriage is allowed 1967 Martin Luther King Jr. is killed 1968

Discuss with Your Partner 1.Were Jim Crow laws good or bad for African Americans? 2.Is the Emancipation Proclamation a good or bad law? 3.What are some words we can use for people from Africa? 4.We are reading about Martin Luther King, Jr. Why is it important to know about slavery and Jim Crow laws? 5.Drier

"Everybody can be great... because anybody can serve. You don't have to have a college degree to serve. You don't have to make your subject and verb agree to serve. You only need a heart full of grace. A soul generated by love."