STRESS Stress: organism’s response to stressors

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Presentation transcript:

STRESS Stress: organism’s response to stressors Stressor: stimulus that disturbs homeostasis and psychological well - being Autonomic NS ( hypothalamus + limbic system ) Anterior Pituitary Selye ( 1956 ) - General Adaptation Syndrome ( GAS ) a. alarm b. resistance c. exhaustion

Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Sympathetic NS ACTH Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla Cortisol Adrenalin, Noradrenalin - glucose utilization - blood to brain + muscles - vigilance -release glucose - protein to glucose - blood pressure up - fats - blood flow - memory storage ( amygdala )

Stress and coping: Brady, Weiss Henke- amygdala neurons: vulnerable or resistant

Cognitive appraisal and control: Control - Brady (1958) - “executive” monkeys Weiss (1972) - stress ulcers Henke (1982) - limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus) Lazarus ( 1980 ) - cognitive appraisal stage 1: evaluate threat stage 2: assess coping ability and resources Kobasa (1979) - psychological hardiness; early home environ. Henke (1995) – genetic/experiential influences: limbic system; diathesis-stress model Friedman (1960) - Type A: competitive, intense, impatient, fast speech, hostile, cynical, suspicious

Stress and Immune Functions ( Psychoneuroimmunology ) : White blood cells - bone marrow, thymus (B&T lymphocytes) a. chemically mediated: antibodies(immunoglobulins), antigen, B -lymphocytes b. cell mediated: T -lymphocytes c. natural killer cell Stress suppression: 1. Cortisol 2. Neural control - bone marrow, thymus 3. Brain opiates - endorphin, enkephalin natural killer Type C - ( ? )