Chapter 1 Biology and You (insert your picture here)

Chapter 1 Vocab 1. Asexual reproduction 2. Sexual reproduction 3. Biology 4. Cell 5. Dependent Variable 6. Control Group 7. Controlled Experiment – experiment in which only one variable is changed 8. Evolution 9. Ecology 10. Homeostasis 11. Hypothesis 12. Independent variable 13. Law – A statement of fact that is specific and always true 14. Theory 15. Species 16. Metabolism

1-1 Objectives 1. Relate the 10 characteristics of life to a living organism. 2. Identify the tiny structures that make up all living things. 3. Explain why each life process is essential to the survival of an organism.

What makes something alive?

The Characteristics of Life 1. Living things are highly organized and contain many complex chemical substances 2. Living things are made up of one or more cells, which are the smallest units that can be said to be alive.

Characteristics of Life 3. Living things use energy. 4. Living things have a definite form and limited size. 5. Living things have a limited life span. 6. Living things grow.

Characteristics of life 7. Living things reproduce. 8. Living things respond to changes in the environment. 9. Living things evolve and change over long periods of time.

Living or Not? It grows It breathes It reproduces It responds to the environment It changes over time…. But is it alive?

Borderline cases Viruses-they can reproduce, but do not exhibit all other characteristics of life.

Borderline Cases Seeds- come to life under the right conditions

3 Domains of Life

Domain Eukarya

Life Processes Processes or activities common to all living things Maintains homeostasis

1.Nutrition Substances needed for energy, growth, and repair

2.Transport Movement of substances into and out of the cell and within the cell. –A. single celled organisms- with environment –B. large organisms use a circulatory system

3.Respiration Process of releasing stored energy in food.

4.Synthesis and Assimilation A. synthesis-to make B. assimilation- incorporating materials into an organism’s body

5.Growth Increase in size

6. Excretion The removal of waste products from an organisms body.

7.Regulation Maintaining homeostasis

8.Reproduction A. asexual reproduction- parent and offspring are identical B. sexual-two parents produce offspring that are not identical. Not required for an individual to survive, but is required for a species to survive.

9.Metabolism The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism All activities that are required to keep an organism alive! –Includes: nutrition excretionsynthesis growthrespiration Transport regulation

Review 1. Name the 9 life processes. 2. How is asexual reproduction different from sexual reproduction? 3. Why is homeostasis important?

1-3 Objectives 1.Differentiate between independent and dependent variable. 2. Define a Theory. 3. Explain the importance of a control in an experiment.

Scientific Method 1. Define the problem –A. Ask questions –B. gather info 2. Formulate a hypothesis –A possible explanation

Test the hypothesis A. control-condition that remains normal so it can be used for comparison B. independent variable-the factor that is varied in an experiment C. dependent variable-what is being measured in an experiment.

The Effect of I on D The Effect of I(ndependent) variable on the D(ependent) variable Use this formula and you will always be right!!

4. Observing and measuring How much? Who? What? When? Where? 5. Drawing conclusions-what does your data mean 6. Reporting observations- scientists share all findings

Example I want to find out if a certain type of plant grows better with more water than usual

Theories and Laws Theories –A. supported by evidence –B. it’s the thing we are most certain of. –C. applies to a broad range of phenomena

Examples of Theories Chromosome Theory of Inheritance Cell Theory Theory of Evolution

Laws A. A statement of fact that is always true. “Specifically, scientific laws must be simple, true, universal, and absolute. They represent the cornerstone of scientific discovery, because if a law ever did not apply, then all science based upon that law would collapse. “ B. they do not explain how or why something happens C. Law of gravity

Review 4. How is a law different from a theory? 5. Why is a control necessary in an experiment? 6. What’s the difference between the independent and dependent variable?