Properties of Life  1. Cellular Organization – all living things show an orderly structure Cell  Tissue  Organ  Body System  Organism Cell  Tissue  Organ  Body System  Organism

Properties of Life  2. Reproduction – all organisms have the ability to reproduce How does an amoeba reproduce? How does an amoeba reproduce?

Properties of Life  3. Metabolism Energy use for body/cell functions Energy use for body/cell functions Input of energy (food)  output of heat or movement Input of energy (food)  output of heat or movement

Properties of Life  4. Homeostasis – maintenance of stable internal conditions in spite of changes in the external environment Making changes to survive Making changes to survive

Properties of Life  5. Heredity – the passing of traits from parents to offspring (Why you look like your parents) Gene – sets of inherited instructions for making proteins Gene – sets of inherited instructions for making proteins Mutation – a change in the DNA of a gene Mutation – a change in the DNA of a gene

Properties of Life  6. Responsiveness – response to the environment Stimulus – triggers a response Stimulus – triggers a response Smell, sound, taste, touchSmell, sound, taste, touch Response – reaction to a stimulus Response – reaction to a stimulus Running from a diffusing smellRunning from a diffusing smell

Properties of Life  7. Growth and development All organisms get larger over time All organisms get larger over time

Important Vocabulary  Evolution – change in the inherited traits of species over time  Species – group of genetically similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring  Natural Selection – organisms with favorable genes are more likely to survive and reproduce  Ecology – study of the interactions between living organisms and with non living components of the environment

Biology in Your World How is biology used? Up to you to write the following list yet. - Study ways to live in harmony with our environment - Feed our Grow ing population - Fight Disease... And many more... And many more

Living in Harmony With Our Environment  World Surface Area 196,940,000 sq. mi  World population 6,730,000,000  Use of Rainforest Deforestation (medicine, species, oxygen) Deforestation (medicine, species, oxygen) Groups to educate or stop this Groups to educate or stop this  Waste Production

Living in Harmony Cont.  What can you do? Reuse, Recycle, Reduce Reuse, Recycle, Reduce (Does order matter activity)(Does order matter activity) Does order matter? Does order matter?ABSOLUTELY (1) REDUSE (2) REUSE (3) RECYCLE(1) REDUSE (2) REUSE (3) RECYCLE

Biology Can Help Feed a Growing Population  Hormones to increase milk production in cows Cost/benefit analysis Cost/benefit analysis  Gene transplant to produce insect resistant crops

Biology Can Help Fight Disease  AIDS Looking for a cure / vaccination Looking for a cure / vaccination  Cancer The uncontrolled growth/division of cells within the body The uncontrolled growth/division of cells within the body Picture 1 - may want to close your eyes Picture 1 - may want to close your eyes

Biology Can Help Fight Disease  Cystic Fibrosis Abnormally thick mucous build up in many organs Abnormally thick mucous build up in many organs Biologist using gene therapy to find a cure Biologist using gene therapy to find a cure

Biology Can Bring the World Together (don’t have to write)  Can you name something that has brought multiple nations together for a positive effort? Human Genome Project Human Genome Project Took 15 years, Took 15 years, Map the entire human genomeMap the entire human genome

The Scientific Process  OBSERVATION, OBSERVATION...  6 Steps to the Scientific Method 1. Problem/Ask a ? 1. Problem/Ask a ? 2. Research 2. Research 3. Forming Hypothesis 3. Forming Hypothesis 4. Experiment (to test hypothesis) 4. Experiment (to test hypothesis) 5. Collect Data 5. Collect Data 6. Drawing Conclusion / Analyze 6. Drawing Conclusion / Analyze

1. Problem/Ask a ?  Find a problem that needs a solution.  Observation - act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses Example – A blind dog comes when he/she hears a squeaky toy even though they can’t see it. Example – A blind dog comes when he/she hears a squeaky toy even though they can’t see it.

2. Research  You want to gather information dealing with the problem before you begin your experiment.  This allows you to understand the basic concepts you will be examining.

3. Forming a Hypothesis  Hypothesis - an explanation that may be true, and can be tested by be true, and can be tested by additional observation or experiment additional observation or experiment  Prediction - expected outcome  Example Cont. I hypothesize that the dog finds the toy by listening to the noise it makes. I hypothesize that the dog finds the toy by listening to the noise it makes.

4. Experimentation  Control Group - a group in an experiment that receives no experimental treatment Ex. - Using a toy that is quiet Ex. - Using a toy that is quiet  Experimental Group - a group in an experiment that receives the experimental treatment treatment Ex. - Using a toy that makes noise Ex. - Using a toy that makes noise

4. Experimentation  Independent Variable - variable that is changed by the scientists (ONLY 1) changed by the scientists (ONLY 1) Ex. Noisy toy vs Quiet ToyEx. Noisy toy vs Quiet Toy  Dependent Variable - variable that the observations are focused on observations are focused on Ex. Dog success, it depends or will change based on the toyEx. Dog success, it depends or will change based on the toy  Control Group - something to compare to  Constants- variablesthat do not change Ex. No other toys, no change of positionEx. No other toys, no change of position

5. Data Collection / Analyze  Two Types of Data Collection 1. Qualitative – observation (words/language) 1. Qualitative – observation (words/language) 2. Quantitative – measurement (numbers) 2. Quantitative – measurement (numbers) Ex. Is my experiment Qualitative or Quantitative? Ex. Is my experiment Qualitative or Quantitative?

6. Drawing Conclusion  Theory - set of related hypothesis that have been tested and confirmed many times been tested and confirmed many times by many scientists by many scientists Does multiple times by one scientist count? No No  Ex. Dog locates the toy by the sound, but there seems to be additional factors.

Is it bad if your hypothesis was not correct?  No

Independent vs Dependent Variable Remember: The dependent variable depends on the independent variable 1. How does Pesticide X affect the mosquito population? 2. How is plant growth affected by fertilizer? 3. How does studying affect test scores? 4. How is plant growth affected by fertilizer? 5. How does standing affect pulse rate? 6. How does exercise affect your weight? 7. How does Rembrandt affect the coloration of teeth?

Scientific Method Vocabulary  Scientific Method  Hypothesis  Experiment  Control  Variable  Independent Variable  Dependent Variable  Scientific Law  Theory  Constant