Presidential Reconstruction Chapter 12 Section 1

Objective: Analyze the steps it would take America to truly reconstruct the nation

The War’s Aftermath Forever Changed –_________ Toll on the South: 2/3 ________ and 9,000 miles of ___ were destroyed Farmland, buildings and machinery were devoured Work animals and 1/3 of all livestock were lost –The value of Southern farm property had plunged _____

–The Human Toll Destroyed a _______ –1/5 of Southern adult white men –1 of 3 southern men were killed or wounded –Countless civilian deaths through ______ ____ tactics The War’s Aftermath

Southerner’s Hardships Three Groups of Southerners –1. _____ Southerners –2. ___________ Owners –3._____ White Southerners

Two Reconstruction Plans New focus of the nation: rebuilding their lives –Tough Questions: How and when should the southern states be allowed to resume their role in the Union? Should the South be punished for their actions, or be forgiven and allowed to recover quickly? Would Freedmen have equal rights? And if so how would those rights be protected? Did the Civil War itself point out a need for a stronger federal gov’t?

Lincoln’s Plan 1863: The 10% Plan (very forgiving of the South)—see page Pardon for __________ and ___________ 2. Denied ________ to those who killed African American POWs 3. After 10% of voters swore allegiance to the _______, that state could hold a ____________ convention 4. States could then hold _________ and resume full participation in the Union –Did not require new constitutions to give _____ voting rights “readmit” the states

Lincoln’s 2 nd Inaugural Address, March 1865 “With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds…to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves and with all nations.”

Congressional Reaction Lincoln’s plan was a threat –Fear of loss authority –________ Republicans: Reconstruction should guarantee blacks true _______ Lincoln was too lenient Wade-Davis Act (July, 1864) –Lincoln let it die in pocket veto

Johnson’s Plan Presidential Reconstruction (page 427 ) 1.) Pardon in exchange for __________ to the Union 2.) Permitted each state to hold a __________ convention (without Lincoln’s 10% acceptance) 3) States must void secession, abolish _______, and ratify the _____ Amendment 4) States could then hold ________ and resume participation in the Union –More Generous than Lincoln’s officially denied pardons to all ____________ leaders

The Taste of Freedom –Freedom of Movement:. –Freedom to Own land. –Freedom to Worship. –Freedom to Learn.

The Freedmen’s Bureau Congress creation to help blacks adjust to freedom –Lacked Congressional support Only lasted until ______ Gave aid to black and white war _________ Provided _________ for blacks Redistributed confiscated _____ –Johnson returned the land, leaving the black farmers landless

In Review: What condition was the South in following the Civil War? How were Lincoln and Johnson’s Reconstructions similar? –Different? How did the newly freed slaves begin to rebuild their lives?