THE WAR ENDS Chapter 9 Section 5

Big Idea In the final year of the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant refused to take the pressure off General Robert E. Lee’s weary troops

Grant vs. Lee Spring of 1864, a showdown had begun between Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee Grant determined to march southward until South surrendered First battle of campaign erupted in Wilderness, a dense forest near Fredericksburg, Virginia Lasted for 2 days

Grant vs. Lee (cont.) Union suffers heavy casualties Grant attacked again at Spotsylvania Courthouse Battle lasted 11 days, often with hand-to-hand combat, traumatizing many Grant unable to break Lee’s lines at Spotsylvania Grant launches all-out offensive at Cold Harbor Union suffers 7,000 casualties; South only 1,500

Sherman’s March to the Sea William Tecumseh Sherman, trusted Union general of Grant, ordered troops to Atlanta August 1864 Ordered troops to cut railroad lines and roads to and from Atlanta Union heated rails and twisted the steel into “Sherman neckties” Sherman’s troops destroyed anything seen as valuable to the South’s war effort

Sherman’s March (cont.) Destroyed mills, warehouses, factories, railroads, machine shops Sherman ordered all civilians out of Atlanta November 1864 Sherman begins his March to the Sea Cut a path across Georgia 60 miles wide Destroyed houses, burned crops, and killed cattle

Sherman’s March (cont.) Reached Savannah, GA on December 21, 1864 Sherman orders troops north and into South Carolina They pillaged, or looted, everything in their path Set fire to SC’s capital, Columbia

Election of 1864 Democrats nominated General George B. McClellan as presidential candidate McClellan promises to stop war, negotiate peaceably with South Sherman’s capture of Atlanta restores confidence of U.S. in Lincoln Lincoln wins reelection with 55 percent of popular vote

13 th Amendment Lincoln sees reelection as mandate, or command from voters, to end slavery January 31, 1865, Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, banning slavery in the U.S., is passed

South’s Surrender Lee’s forces cut off by Union General Phillip Sheridan at Appomattox Courthouse When Lee’s forces failed to break through the line he said, “There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths.” Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865, officially ending the Civil War Grant’s generous terms of surrender guaranteed Confederate soldiers would not be prosecuted for treason

Assassination of Lincoln Lincoln makes speech saying his plan after Civil War is to have African Americans in Southern state governments Angered many, including John Wilkes Booth While watching a play with his wife at Ford’s Theatre, Lincoln is assassinated by Booth