Exploration and Expansion Chapter 11, Lesson 1-2 EQ: What factors contributed to the Europeans entrance into their age of discovery and expansion?

Academic Vocabulary: Chapter 11, Lesson 1-2 Caravel Conquistador Columbian Exchange Treaty of Tordesillas ( pg. 194) Mercantilism Middle Passage

Technology Compass (China) Astrolabe (Arabs) Triangle-shaped sails (Arabs) Gunpowder (China)

Activity: Reasons for Exploration Read pg. 192 “Motives and Means” Complete the following web diagram Reason #2: Reasons for Exploration 15 minutes

Reasons for Expansion Trade with Asia Economic and political expansion Marco Polo Spices Cut off by Arab empires Economic and political expansion Three G’s Gold - Wealth Glory – Power/Empire God - Christianity

Portuguese Traveled down coast of Africa (Gold Coast) and over to India (spices) Prince Henry the Navigator – 1419, established a school for sailors Bartholomew Diaz – 1487, Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama – 1498, around Africa to India

Early Spanish Exploration Columbus (1492) Convinced Queen Isabella to support his journey Landed on San Salvador, Hispaniola, and Cuba Called natives “Indians” Never realized he wasn’t in Asia Magellan 1519 Portuguese sailor sailing for Spain Sailed around S. America (Straight of Magellan) Named and crossed the Pacific Ocean Killed in the Philippines Del Cano led ship that circumnavigated the world http://www.biography.com/people/ferdinand-magellan-9395202/videos/ferdinand-magellan-mini-biography-39300675603

Magellan’s Circumnavigation

Dividing the New World Spain and Portugal each claimed Turned to Pope for help 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas splits new territory Brazil = Portuguese Rest of South America = Spanish

Treaty of Tordesillas

Spanish Empire Conquistadors Encomienda Cortes – took over Aztecs in Mexico Pizarro – took over Incas in Peru Encomienda Indians were forced to work by the Spanish Indians were converted to Catholicism Bartolome de las Casas –monk; helped Indians

Activity: Graphic Organizer Read Chapter 11, Lesson1. Complete a Foldable (1)Portugal Explorers (At least 2), year explored, Regions Explored Voyage Significance (2)Spain *(except Columbus & Magellan) (3) England, (4) France, (5)Netherlands List the regions each country explored and explain how they settled these regions, and their voyages significance

Ch. 10, Lesson 1 Review Questions How were Spain and Portugal able to take the lead in discovering new lands? What were the results of Spanish and Portuguese conquest in America? Summarizing: Use your graphic organizer on European Exploration to write a paragraph summarizing the major explores and the regions each nation explored?

Effects of Exploration and Expansion Chapter 11: Lesson 2

Columbian Exchange An large trade network, resulting in the exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas. Europe Received – corn, cocoa, potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans Americas Received – horses, cows, pigs, sugar; ultimately disease (small pox)

Activity: Columbian Exchange : Read the Columbian Exchange (pg. 199) Answer the Guided Question: How did the Columbian Exchange affect the Americas and Europe?

New European Economic Systems With exploration and conquest, Europeans followed two economic systems to strengthen their countries: (1)Mercantilism – mother country benefits from having colonies by exporting more than they import; the goal is to gain large amounts of gold/wealth

(2)Triangular Trade – Europe, Africa, Americas trade key product: African slaves First Leg—carried American raw products to Europe (e.g., cotton) Second leg of triangle— ships carrying European manufactured goods (e.g., cloth,) to Africa to be exchanged for slaves weapons Third leg (Middle Passage)— brought Africans to Americas to be sold.

Slave Trade Slavery not new to Africa Africans are sent to Middle East for domestic work Sugarcane (Portuguese) Changed slavery for Europeans Plantations in Caribbean and Brazil Grew fast 16th century – about 275,000 17th century – over 1 million 18th century – over 6 million African slave traders controlled slave trade Middle Passage: route from Africa to the Americas Destroyed traditional African societies as demand for slaves increased

Middle Passage http://history.howstuffworks.com/29501-assignment-discovery-about-slavery-in-america-video.htm

Activity: Middle Passage Documents Work in pairs to analyze the documents. Read the four quotes (one reads aloud the other writes down) Is this a primary or secondary source? What is taking place form the point of view of the author? Focus on what is happening: How would you feel about what is going on? Are there any biases? Would you do anything about it? Complete the Questions on “Points to Consider” (pg. 3)

Results of European Expansion In Europe Economically successful Created rivalries as countries fought over colonies In Asia Increased trade with Europe Beginning of “Western dominance” In Africa Dramatic increase of slave trade European influence in the coastal areas In the Americas Destroyed native population Began European dominance (Spanish)