Properties of Matter S8.C.1.1.2

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) State of Matter depends on how atoms are moving and interacting with each other Solid Liquid Gas Plasma -combination of gas atoms without electrons and free flowing electrons (ionized atoms)

States of Matter Difference between particles in 3 states

Changing States of Matter (Phase Change) Freezing pt = melting pt Boiling pt = condensation pt crystallization Changing states by adding or removing heat Evaporation Add heat or remove heat for different substances Condensation Temperature converter

Solids Particles are tightly packed usually in a regular pattern Particles vibrate, but cannot move past each other Has a fixed shape Has fixed volume Not easily compressible (little space between particles)

Liquids Particles are close together with no regular arrangement Particles can move slightly and slide past each other Take the shape of its container Has fixed Volume Not easily compressible (little space between particles) Jello?

Gas Particles are well separated with no regular arrangement Particles move freely at high speeds Take the shape of its container Take the volume of its container Compressible (lots of space between particles)

Physical Properties of Matter Property that you can observe or measure without changing the composition (chemical makeup/ identity) of a substance *Scientists can identify individual substances by their physical properties.

Physical Properties of Matter Texture Color (streak test) Shape Odor Melting/Freezing pt Boiling point Magnetism Mass Weight Solubility (ability to dissolve) Volume Density Conductivity Thermal expansion (Increase in volume when heated) Thermal contraction (decrease in volume when cooled) Video of expansion and contraction

Density Density= mass/volume Units for density= (g/cm3) or (g/ml) How much “stuff” (mass) is in a certain amount of “space” (volume) mass = gram (g) volume = cubic cm (cm3) = milliliter (ml) Density= mass/volume Units for density= (g/cm3) or (g/ml)

Density All samples of the same substance have the same density Song! Rap! All samples of the same substance have the same density Water has a density of 1g/ml…no matter how much water you have Objects with a density less than water will float in water Objects with a density greater than water will sink Water expands when frozen! Because of its structure!

Finding Density Density (g/ml) 0.5 0.8 0.75

Chemical Properties of Matter Property that you can observe or measure only by changing the composition (chemical makeup or identity) of a substance When chemical Reactions take place, the identity of the substance always changes Examples : Flammability Ability to oxidize (rust) react with oxygen Reactivity

Acids / Bases Litmus Paper An indicator for acid or base Base will turn paper blue Acid will turn paper red