UNIT 4 REVOLUTIONS Lesson 1 American Revolution

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW  How Enlightenment philosophers impacted the development of political and societal trends.  The variety of opinions demonstrated by Enlightenment philosophy about the most effective structure for government and society.  The role of absolutism as a challenge to the new political thought of the Enlightenment.  The democratic ideals discussed by Enlightenment philosophers and the impact Western culture.  The shift from government power being absolute and from God to it being derived from the common man and the varying perspectives on this during the Enlightenment.  The impact that literature and art had in revolutionizing society in Western countries.

OBJECTIVES 1.People around the world are rebelling against their governments as a result of societal and economic inequalities. 2.Views of the role and requirements of citizens were challenged through various revolutions in Europe and its colonies. 3.Government exploitation by European powers through taxation and economic inequalities inspired revolution 4.Cultural division between upper and lower classes in Europe and its colonies incited rebellion against established government.

GUIDING QUESTIONS 1.What political and social theories from the Enlightenment influenced the American and French Revolutions? 2.How were French revolutionaries influenced by the democratic ideals of the American Revolution? 3. Should all citizens have equal rights regardless of economic or educational background? 4.How do economic disparities result in political unrest and revolution? 5.How do the perceived sources of power in monarchial and democratic governments differ and how does this difference impact their resistance to change?

WHAT LED TO IT  Britain needed to pay for their war with France  Deficient amount of taxation on the colonies  Homeland was already taxed  Debt from colonization  Colonies were already acting independently from homeland  Two separate governments were already in effect

REASONS FOR REVOLT 1. Taxes 2. Martial law 3. No representation in government 4. Acts against the people

TAXES 1. Stamp 2. Tea 3. Sugar 4.Townshend 5. Quartering (twice)

TIMELINE : French and Indian War 1764: Sugar Act 1765: Stamp Act, Quartering Act 1766: Meeting of men to discuss actions 1767: Townsend Act 1770: Boston Massacre 1773: Tea Act

TIMELINE 1773: Boston Tea Party 1774: Quartering Act (again) 1175: Give me liberty or give me death: Patrick Henry War begins July 4, Declaration of independence French join Americans in the fight 1783: Treaty signed 1787: Constitution signed

OUTCOME The formation of the united states Shows how people banning together can change their circumstance Creation of the first democratic government in which the separation of powers is established Creation of our constitution and separation of powers: Judicial, Legislative, Executive- two houses

IMPORTANT PEOPLE Sons of liberty Benjamin Franklin George Washington Paul Revere Benedict Arnold George Washington Patrick Henry John Hancock Lord Cornwallis Tory Redcoat Lafayette

REVIEW GUIDING QUESTIONS 1.What political and social theories from the Enlightenment influenced the American and French Revolutions? 2.How were French revolutionaries influenced by the democratic ideals of the American Revolution? 3.Should all citizens have equal rights regardless of economic or educational background? 4.How do economic disparities result in political unrest and revolution? 5.How do the perceived sources of power in monarchial and democratic governments differ and how does this difference impact their resistance to change?

NOT DONE YET Continue on to vocab on following slides

PARLIAMENT Parliament is a national representative body having supreme legislative powers within the nation.

CITIZEN A Citizen is a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized

ENLIGHTENMENT Enlightenment was a term that was used to describe the philosophical, intellectual and cultural movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

REVOLUTION A Revolution is a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION The American Revolution was a time period ( ) in which American colonist rose up against the British King and his taxes. Letter of Independence was sent but the king refused to sign. Without the help of the French, Americans would not have been able to defeat the British and become an independent nation.

FRENCH REVOLUTION The French Revolution was an influential period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship by Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. (Wikipedia)

INTOLERABLE ACTS Taxes (Acts) presented against the colonist in order to raise money in order to pay for the British war against the French.

REIGN OF TERROR The Reign of Terror was a time period ( ) during the French Revolution in which extreme Jacobins take over the temporary government and began mass executions on those they feel were spies or still part of the French aristocracy. Over 40,000 were killed by a guillotine set up in the middle of Paris.

DEMOCRACY Democracy is a system in which all the people are involved in making decisions about the doings of the government through a system of electing representatives to a parliament or similar assembly.

JACOBIN Jacobins were a democratic group of radicals that took over the government during the French revolution. They originally formed to create a constitutional monarchy, and were made up of working class men. They were led by Robespierre and were responsible for the Reign of Terror. Eventually Napoleon would rise out of this group and end the revolution.

COUP D'ÉTAT Coup d'état is a sudden and decisive action in politics, especially one resulting in a change of government illegally or by force.

KING LOUIS XIV He was an absolute monarch and King of France who refused to keep his promises. He was eventually overthrown by a Coup d'état was ultimately killed by his people during the French Revolution.

SOCIALISM Socialism is a social and economic system characterized by social ownership and/or social control of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy, as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system.

COMMUNISM Communism is a social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the collapse of social orders.

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Napoleon Bonaparte became King after the overthrow of Robespierre. Ultimately ended the French Revolution. After the Coup’ he dubbed himself King. Skilled military enforcer in which he was able to expand France’s power.