Electricity & Magnetism Waves Review Physical Science Mrs. Carnes RMS

Electricity and Magnetism

Parallel and Series Circuits

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel circuits AdvantagesDisadvantages AdvantagesDisadvantages Series CircuitsParallel Circuits

Distinguish between how series and parallel circuits transfer energy Series CircuitsParallel Circuits A series circuit has only one path for electrons to travel. If something within the circuit burns out, everything in the circuit will go out. A parallel circuit has more than one path for the electrons, so if something burns out, the other devices in the circuit continue to receive electricity.

Explain that electric currents and magnets can exert force on each other Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of a single electromagnetic force. Moving electric charges produce magnetic forces, and moving magnets produce electric forces. These effects make electric motors and generators possible. Electricity & Magnetism: Current Electricity Video 16:58

Waves

Recognize the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves No medium required- can travel through a vacuum Example: light waves Electromagnetic Characteristics Requires a medium Examples: sound waves; water waves Mechanical Characteristics

Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated in different processes, such as: Reflection: occurs when a wave bounces back after striking a barrier. Reflected sound waves are called echoes; reflected light waves allow us to see objects. Refraction: is the bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another. One common example of refraction of light waves is the broken pencil effect that can be observed when a pencil is placed in a glass of water. The pencil seems to be "broken" at the surface of the water as the light waves go from the air to the water. Diffraction: is the bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening. The amount of diffraction a wave experiences depends on two factors: the wavelength of the wave and the size of the barrier or opening the wave encounters. Sound travels around corners because it has relatively larger wavelengths than light. We can hear sounds around corners. We can't see around corners because light has a very small wavelength. Absorption: light rays that soak into an object and not bounced back (reflected)

Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths The colors of the visible light spectrum [1] [1] colorwavelength intervalfrequency interval red~ 700–635 nm~ 430–480 THz orange~ 635–590 nm~ 480–510 THz yellow~ 590–560 nm~ 510–540 THz green~ 560–490 nm~ 540–610 THz blue~ 490–450 nm~ 610–670 THz violet~ 450–400 nm~ 670–750 THz Rods : cells in the eye which allow us to detect lightness and darkness of objects. Cones : cells in the eye which allow us to recognize colors. Cameras work like the eye Light bounces off objects and is received into the eye through the lens. The cone cells recognize colors based upon the frequency of the light waves. Images are sent to the back of the eye, inverted, then the to the brain where they are turned right side up and recognized.

Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium, such as: Air: sound travels faster in warm air than cool air; the warmer the air, the faster the sound waves Water: water is more dense than air so sound travels faster in water than air Solids: waves move fastest through solids Sound is faster in solid than air: mine animation

Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences Sound has a huge impact on our day to day lives. Just think of how much of our technology involves sending or receiving sounds in various forms. Speed (Doppler Effect) Frequency (the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch) Loudness (the greater the amplitude, the more loud the sound)

Identify the parts of a wave using a diagram

Explain how the parts of a wave are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch Frequency affects pitch Amplitude affects loudness