1

1.To discover the difference between organized and unorganized sports. 2.To examine how amateur sports help local communities. 3.To show the difference between collegiate and professional sports. 4.To analyze various aspects of professional sports. 5.To discuss the ethical and legal aspects of sports. 2

Introduction to Sports Amateur Sports College Sports Professional Sports 3

4

Have set teams –teams are defined as groups of individuals who play together to accomplish a goal, such as winning a game Play in organized leagues –leagues are defined as groups of teams who play the same sport by a certain set of rules rules are a set of guidelines given by a governing body or higher power such as a league commissioner 5

Are loosely organized sports not regulated by a governing body Often have undefined or unclear rules Examples include the following: –street hockey –pickup basketball –bicycle riding 6 From the Playbook: Soccer is the number one sport in the world by number of participants.

Amateur College Professional 7

8

Include all sports leagues not professional or collegiate Players do not receive money or tuition for their effort Include high school sports Encompass most organized sports leagues, such as a basketball league at the local YMCA ® 9 From the Playbook: Nearly 100,000 students play high school basketball each year.

–baseball –basketball –golf –gymnastics –hockey –ice skating –football –rodeo –swimming –skateboarding –skiing/snowboarding –soccer –surfing –tennis –track and field –wrestling 10 Can include sports such as the following: From the Playbook: Can you name any additional amateur sports?

Benefit the community in the following ways: –make the population more physically active –increase the relationship between citizens and business or government officials who help facilitate amateur sports –bring citizens together to support each other –can build community pride and image 11 From the Playbook: The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) was created in 1988 in an effort to support amateur athletes who hoped to compete in the Olympic Games. Despite several changes and opposition to the organization, the AAU still sponsors the annual Junior Olympic Games.

The American Youth Soccer Organization is a nationwide non-profit organization promoting youth soccer. The AYSO fosters teamwork, good sportsmanship and positive coaching for kids. Visit them online at 12

Mores are engaging in recreational activities Many join leagues or community-sponsored events Include a specific segment or market for sports advertisers –examples could include: playing in an indoor soccer league participating in elderly couples or singles swim class joining a bowling or softball league entering a golf tournament at a country club competing in a city marathon or triathlon 13

Nearly 12.4 million people over the age of 65 engage in an organized sports activity at least six times a year. Popular sports for individuals ages 65 and over include walking, fishing and swimming. 14

Is defined as the practice of pricing, promoting and placing of a company’s products In amateur sports is often done by local businesses For example, a local bank or construction business might sponsor jerseys for a softball team 15

What is a cause and effect statement you can create about amateur sports/recreational sports and sports marketing? 16

17

Are offered by colleges and universities Provide economic benefit to colleges and universities Also provide benefits to the areas surrounding the colleges and universities 18 From the Playbook: Approximately 3-5 percent of amateur athletes will have the ability to compete at the collegiate level.

Intramural sports Club sports School-sponsored athletics 19

Are another example of an amateur sport Have rules setting them apart from being an unorganized sport Athletes do not receive class credit for playing and therefore are not classified as a collegiate sport Athletes are not paid, and therefore are not classified as professional 20 Athletes are defined as people who train for a specific sporting event requiring a high amount of physical fitness.

Can be defined as “sports played within the walls of a school’s jurisdiction” Are structured to allow non college athletes to participate in athletics Are usually organized to allow maximum participation for all players May be offered for a limited number of college sports and skill levels 21 From the Playbook: Would you allow a member of the college women's soccer team to play intramural soccer?

Example: University Intramural Basketball Program Leagues offered: Men, Women, Co-ed League skill levels: Competitive, Intermediate, Recreational Divisions: Greek Division, Off-campus Division, Residence Hall 22

Include the following: –men – an all male league –women – an all female league –co-ed – a league which includes men and women, usually possessing requirements concerning the ratio of men to women 23

Include the following: –competitive – the league with the most advanced players –intermediate – the league comprised of moderately-skilled athletes –recreational – the league usually consisting of beginner athletes 24

Include the following: –Greek – teams are comprised of members belonging to the same fraternity or sorority –off-campus – teams are comprised of members who do not live in a dormitory on campus –residence hall – teams are comprised of members from the same dormitory 25

Allows students of all ages and skill levels to participate in athletics Promotes social networking and fitness among students Expands the fan base for popular college sports 26

Are sports officially recognized by an institution’s athletic department, but are not covered by student fees Often require official tryouts Must follow the required policies and procedures of the school May consist of team or individual sports Are extremely competitive in nature Level of skill is higher than intramurals but less than school-sponsored athletics 27

Are officially recognized by the college or university Remain funded through the school’s athletic department Come with high levels of media fan attention Are governed by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ® (NCAA ® ), National Junior College Athletic Association ® (NJCAA ® ), or the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ® (NAIA ® ) 28

Stands for National Collegiate Athletic Association ® Is the governing body of collegiate sports Governs competition and integrates college athletics with academics Also aims to assist athletes in the pursuit of higher education Vote on rules called bylaws that govern intercollegiate athletics. Establish programs to govern and promote intercollegiate athletics. 29

Regulates the following for collegiate athletes and collegiate programs: –ethical conduct –employment regulations –recruitment standards –academic requirements –awards, scholarships and benefits –playing and practicing seasons –rules enforcement –division membership 30

Offers three divisions of competition –division I –division II –division III in general, larger schools compete in the upper (division I) division while smaller schools participate in division II and division III 31

Is split into two classifications –bowl subdivision requires the school to have at least 16 athletic teams –championship subdivision requires the school to have at least 14 athletic teams –bowl subdivision athletes are generally of a higher caliber than those who compete at the championship subdivision level Athletes may receive significant financial aid for playing sports 32

Requires the schools to have at least 10 athletic teams to meet NCAA ® regulations Athletes may receive financial aid for playing sports but many also receive academic grants to help pay tuition Athletes are generally of lower caliber than athletes who compete at the division I level 33

Requires the school to have at least 10 athletic teams Athletes receive no financial aid for playing sports Athletes are generally of lower caliber than athletes who compete at the division I or division II level 34

Stands for National Junior College Athletic Association ® Is the national governing body for over 500 junior colleges in the United States Is separated into 24 regions Offers three divisions of athletic competition in a variety of sports 35

Stands for the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ® Is the national governing body for approximately 350 small-college sports programs in the United States Includes 300 member colleges and universities Is divided into 14 regions and offers 23 championships in 13 sports 36 From the Playbook: The NAIA ® was the first athletic organization to include both black colleges and women in national championships.

College sports are divided into conferences and divisions Conference and division titles vary for each sport Most sports participate in a structured playoff system to determine a national champion 37

Are groups of teams competing against one another in a variety of sports Are very similar to leagues Offer member schools a chance to compete for a conference championship Are generally grouped by region 38 From the Playbook: Baseball has some of the lowest attendance rates out of all college sports.

Segment- group of people within a larger market that share one or more characteristics Common in sports to segment by conferences and geography. BasketballProfessional Houston Rockets College University of Kentucky

Geographic- divisions of physical locations –(north, south, east, west) Demographics- income, profession gender and educations Psychographics- attitude and lifestyle toward a choice. Behavioral Segmentation: Product Benefit- usage of the product and benefits received from it

Triple A baseball posts its demographic information online for prospective sponsors to review 40% of the fan base earns $46-75k per year in salary 42% of the fan base has an Undergraduate Degree 91% of the fan base has a major credit card 69% of the fan base owns their own home 41

Come in many different forms –economic –increase in student applications –increase in school pride 42

Good for Town Business –economic boost from people who booked hotel rooms, rented cars, got gas, ate at restaurants, and shopped in the surrounding area. Good for Stadium Business –Souvenir shops and food and beverage vendors

Can be increased if a collegiate team is victorious Can also swell pride in the surrounding civic area May cause individuals to buy more goods with a collegiate team’s logo or name 44

In college sports is big business, worth millions of dollars per year Is usually handled by a university’s athletic department Includes sponsorships such as advertisements around a stadium Also includes licensing 45

Is defined as the paid use of a logo or name to be used for merchandise. Is regulated in collegiate athletics by the NCAA ® Brings in funding for both the individual colleges and universities and the NCAA ® Generates royalties, or money made off of licensing –For example, say the University of Miami licenses their logo to Under Armour ®. Under Armour ® then sells Under Armour ® shirts having the University of Miami logo on them. For every shirt Under Armour ® sells, they must pay a percentage of what they make to the University of Miami. 46

Have been supported by the NCAA ® since 1981 Have increased due to Title IX Legislation –Congress enacted Title IX in 1972 to prohibit discrimination in educational programs, including collegiate athletics –all federally-funded public schools are required to follow Title IX 47 From the Playbook: Since the enactment of Title IX, female collegiate athletic participation has risen 456%.

“No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance” Title IX gives women the right to receive federal funds, from elementary schools to colleges and universities. Title IX does not require mirror image programs. Males and females can participate in different sports according to their respective interests and abilities.. 48