Europeans and the Indians

Aztec vs. The Spanish Early 1500’s: Spanish explorers arrive looking for gold, silver, and new land for Spain. 1519: Hernan Cortes enters with 600 soldiers. Aztec ruler, Montezuma II thought he was a god Explorers were welcomed and invited to stay in the rulers palace

Aztec vs. The Spanish Aztec were frightened by the Spanish horses, guns, and cannons. 1520: Spanish brought over smallpox disease, killing thousands. Disease spread through southern Mexico Montezuma realizes that the Spanish are after gold. Battles begin and Montezuma is killed.

Aztec vs. The Spanish 1521: Cortes conquers the Aztec’s Cortes ordered the Aztec to stop sacrificing people. Spanish destroy Tenochtitlan and build Mexico City City was used as a center for their further conquest in the America’s

Inca vs. Spanish 1532: Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro arrives with 180 men Spanish want to conquer land, silver, gold, and to capture the Inca emperor Atahualpa Atahualpa tried to make a deal to buy his freedom with silver and gold Pizarro accepted the deal, then has Atahualpa killed

Inca vs. Spanish Pizarro captures the capital city of Cuzco 1535: Inca empire is crushed Inca army outnumbered Spanish invaders Smallpox and weapons greatly help the Spanish Spanish also convinced other tribes to help fight against the Inca

Consequences of the take over.. New Spanish Empire stretched from California, Mexico border to the tip of South America Thousands of Spanish move to the new empire Spanish cultural influence is still felt there today Religion / Language

Columbian Exchange Named after Christopher Columbus Exchange of crops, goods, animals, and diseases between Europe and its colonies in the Americas after Columbus’ voyage in 1492

Europe Africa slaves Manufactured goods (beads, cloth, guns) The Americas Cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses, rum Africa slaves

Columbian Exchange Decline of indigenous population: New diseases are introduced into Latin America by European explorers Smallpox, measles, whooping cough, influenza, malaria, yellow fever Native Americans did not have immunities to these diseases, millions died Between 1492 and 1650 more than 80% of Native Americans died of disease

Columbian Exchange Agricultural Change New foods are brought to both Europe and Latin America Europe gets: corn, tomatoes, peppers, pumpkins, squash, cacao beans Latin America gets: wheat, barley, sugarcane, livestock like cattle, pigs, and sheep

Columbian Exchange Horses: Brought from Europe Changes life in the Americas Used for transportation until the early 20th century and labor in both farming and hunting

Old World (Europe, Asia, & Africa) Contribution New World (The Americas) Apples, bananas, citrus fruits, grapes, melons, peaches, pears Fruits Pineapples, tomatoes, papaya, strawberries Broccoli, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, onions, radishes, potato Vegetables Avocados, green beans, pumpkins squash, peanuts Barley, oats, rice, rye, wheat Grains Maize (corn) Black pepper, cinnamon, cloves, ginger, garlic Spices Chili peppers, vanilla Coffee, tea Drinks Chocolate Sugar cane, olives, sunflower, cashew Other Plants Tobacco, rubber Cattle, chickens, donkeys, goats, horses, pigs, sheep, rats Animals Guinea pigs, llamas, turkeys Cholera, malaria, measles, mumps, small pox, typhoid, yellow fever Diseases Syphilis

What about Brazil? While Francisco Pizarro is taking over the Inca empire, Portugal is taking over Brazil Spanish and Portuguese settlers move to the new area Looking for gold, silver, and to grow sugarcane to sell to Europe Growing sugarcane is difficult, since Native Americans died from disease, they brought in slaves from Africa. Slaves were also more immune to European diseases

Brazil and slavery African slavery was important to the development of South America Economies prospered because of slave labor Brazil imported more slaves than any other country in the world Slave labor helped Brazil to send gold, silver, and sugarcane to Portugal

Slavery in the islands France, Netherlands, and England start claiming land for themselves They also bring in African slaves to grow sugarcane 1700s sugarcane production in Jamaica and Haiti surpass Brazil These colonies provide their home country with lots of money

10 to 20 million people enslaved Brazil 4 - 10 million Spanish Empire 2 - 5 million Caribbean 3 – 6 million North America .5 – 1 million 10 to 20 million people enslaved

Europe brings culture Spanish and Portuguese become the most common language Religious practice of worship and human sacrifice is replaced with Catholicism Missions are established to help spread Catholicism. This helped to also spread the Spanish language.