Diabetes By Amanda Dillen

Diabetes Diabetes Nelitus is a disease that results when the pancreas (an endocrine gland) is incapable of synthesizing enough insulin to meet the needs of the body, or does not properly respond to it. Another name for this condition is Hyperglycemia or High Blood Sugar. Insulin a peptide hormone synthesized by beta cells in the pancreas released directly into the bloodstream metabolize or store the blood glucose *Without insulin Cells do not obtain enough energy needed to sustain bodily functions, Is dangerous as excess glucose is toxic in concentrated amounts.

The Negative Feedback System insulin is provided by the body in constant proportions for the removal of excess glucose from the blood after a meal Diabetes is the inability to do so, and therefore the blood sugar levels remain high after meals, starving your cells of energy.

Dangers/ results To compensate:  The body begins metabolizing protein and fat instead less accessible and harder to break down. Releases toxic by-products such as ketone and acetone into the bloodstream. excess glucose cannot be reabsorbed into the kidney’s either excreted in the urine concentrated glucose levels in the kidneys may lead to kidney failure.

Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes  Type 1 diabetes diagnosed at a young age the immune system synthesizes antibodies that destroy the beta cells of the pancreas must have daily insulin injections to use glucose from meals.  Type 2 diabetes is often diagnosed in adulthood tends to develop gradually, insulin receptors on the bodies of cells stop responding to insulin. can often be controlled with diet, exercise, and pills leading form of diabetes and continues to increase worldwide. linked closely to unhealthy diet and weight gain

History and Current Accomplishments/Cures The relationship between diabetes and the endocrine system was discovered in 1889 by Oscar Minokwski who discovered that the pancreas was the site of insulin production. Frederick Banting was able to successfully treat a boy with diabetes by purifying the extracted insulin Today insulin is produced by genetically engineered bacteria and other organisms. possible to restore the beta cells in the pancreas by transplanting islet cells improvements made to blood glucose monitoring devices there is also the insulin pump which mimics the release pattern of insulin.