WOMEN: MIDTERM REVIEW BY WOMEN FOR WOMEN Sarah Escudero, Krisalys Paulino, Nichelle R. Hernandez, & Heven Beltran

WOMEN THROUGH THE COURSE OF TIME COLONIAL ERA AMERICAN REVOLUTION During this time period women helped with the war effort, mainly taking care of things at home and of children, and helped on the war sites as nurses. ANTEBELLUM AMERICA During this time period women started participating in movements and fighting for female rights. They also began to participate industrial work. CIVIL WAR During this time period women continued fighting for female rights and branched off onto helping others with gaining their rights as well. During this this time period women began joining strikes against working conditions, and participating in suffrage movements. GILDED AGE During this time period women spent hours cleaning, cooking, and sewing. The women had roles mainly inside the household.

COLONIAL ERA ● Women had a better life in the South than in the North. ○ They took power from plantations and children. ○ They had more authority since men were dying due to disease. ● Women were seen as property in marriage. ● They took care of the house, the children, raised farm animals, and made clothes. ● They had on average 7 children ● Only upper-class females went to finishing school. ● Anne Hutchinson - challenged religious male leaders in Puritan Massachusetts. ● Many were targeted or used as scapegoats in times of crisis. ○ Salem Witch Trials Things To Review... ● Women’s role in... ○ the household ○ marriage ○ education ○ a patriarchal society

AMERICAN REVOLUTION ● Many Participated in religious revivals. ○ 1st Great Awakening ● They helped in the war efforts. ○ Propaganda, Daughters of Liberty ○ Took over as weavers, carpenters, blacksmiths, and shipbuilders or served as nurses, laundresses, cooks, and companions for troops or spies and messengers. ○ In Edenton, NC women burned boxes of tea Things To Review… ● Women's roles in 1st Great Awakening ● Daughters of Liberty ● Lowell System ● Republican Motherhood and Education

ANTEBELLUM AMERICA Start of women finding jobs ○ work in factories ○ unequal salaries and unequal treatment (ex: Lowell System) ● Start of Women's Right Movement along with Reform Movements ○ Temperance Movement ○ Education Movement ○ Gender Equality (socially, politically, and economically) ● Women Suffrage ○ Seneca Falls Convention (gathering of women and men in NY, where rights and conditions of women were discussed) ● Declaration of Sentiments (written during the convention, as almost like a declaration of independence for women, representing their rights and desires) Things To Review… ● Seneca Falls Convention ● Declarations of Sentiments and Resolutions ● SUFFRAGE ● Cult of Domesticity

CIVIL WAR ● They contributed to the Reform movements occurring at this time. ● They continued the actions they practiced in Antebellum America. ● They began to aid the causes of other movements with the promise of them aiding these women in the following time period. ○ The Temperance Movement. ○ Educational Reform Movement. ○ Helped in the Asylum and Penitentiary Movement (Dorothea Dix) ○ Women’s movement in general. (Sarah and Angelina Grimke, Lucretia Mott) Things To Review... ● Names of Reform Movements ○ Temperance, Educational, Asylum, etc.

GILDED AGE ● Stayed at home in beginning of time period ● "Age of Innocence” ● Settlement house movement ○ Hull House (most prominent American settlement house, located in chicago, mostly for immigrants, to help them settle into their new lives) ● Prohibition ○ Women's Christian Temperance movement ● Women began to focus on their suffrage rights again (also continued to advocate for civil rights). ○ forms the NAWSA ○ (civil rights against lynching especially) ● By the end of the time period many middle class women enjoyed pastimes. ○ Participated in sports, watched moving pictures, etc. Things To Review… ● Age of Innocence ● Settlement House Movement ● Prohibition ● Hull House ● N.A.W.S.A. ● Sufferage

OUTCOMES OF THE ERAS ○ COLONIAL ERA: Women during colonial times had household duties and that alone. They had no rights at all, no right to vote, own property, draft a will, or testify in court. They continued to look down upon but towards the end of the time period, a few began to realize they needed to be the ones that made a change and some actually tried in a small way to stand up toward men authority, allowing this beginning of want for change to be more recognized during the next period. ○ AMERICAN REVOLUTION: While most women of the Revolutionary Era might not be classed as "feminists" or advocates in women’s rights, they were among the first to begin to examine the role of women in American society. This, together with their active role in the war itself, ”Republican Motherhood”, began to lay the foundation for much of the feminist thought and protest that would occur in the next generation with the rise of the movement for women's suffrage. ○ ANTEBELLUM AMERICA: Women during Antebellum America fought hard to end this idea of dependence on men and idea of “Cult of Domesticity” (men basically being superior to women). They organized meetings to build strength in numbers and even participated in other reform movements, in order to benefit society as a whole. ○ CIVIL WAR: During the Civil War, women especially faced a host of new duties and responsibilities. For the most part, these new roles applied the ideals of Victorian domesticity to “useful and patriotic ends.” However, these wartime contributions did help expand many women’s ideas about what their “proper place” should be. ○ GILDED AGE: During this time the term “New Woman" came about referring to middle and upper-middle class women in the last quarter who moved from from home into the public sphere. The women of this time began experiencing greater opportunities for education and public involvement through work and campaigns that called for social changes, even though at first they weren’t succeeding.

SOME IMPORTANT WOMEN Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Read the "Declaration of Rights and Sentiments" at the Seneca Falls, worked with Susan B. Anthony and wrote speeches for her to say, striked the word obey when getting married and wanted and equal relationship with her husband Henry B. She proudly committed Civil Disobedience by going to vote, in order to make a statement. Susan B. Anthony-Delivered speeches, articles, and petitions that Stanton wrote. Harriet Tubman-Escaped slavery in 1849, and returned to Maryland at least 13 times to rescue other family members and other slaves. She helped around 300 people escape with the Underground Railroad. Anne Hutchinson- New England religious leader and midwife. She was a sharp challenge to Puritan orthodoxy and began to stand up for her beliefs that even undermined the Church. Jane Addams - A middle-class college educated woman dedicated to uplifting the urban masses by establishing the Hull House in Chicago in 1889, condemning war and poverty and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Abigail Adams- Her letters were a great example of women’s roles during the Revolution. These letters she wrote to her husband, John Adams, describing life on the homefront, and urging him to remember America's women and their contributions in the new government he was helping to create.

FUN FACTS: ALL ABOUT WOMEN Susan B. Anthony ● Susan B. Anthony was for abolition before she was for women rights ● Susan was born into a Quaker family in Adams, Massachusetts that was committed to social equality ● Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded the National Women Suffrage Association in Jane Addams ● Jane Addams was the second woman to receive the Peace Prize. ● Jane founded the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in 1919 ● Jane Addams worked to help the poor and to stop the use of children as industrial laborers, she also ran Hull House in Chicago. Harriet Tubman ● Harriet Tubman freed herself in 1851 using the system known as the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved Africans to escape to free states and Canada. After the outbreak of the Civil War, ● Harriet Tubman became a soldier, spy and a nurse. ● Harriet Tubman devoted her life towards the abolition of slavery. She is an inspiration to many for her relentless struggle for equality and civil rights. She is one of the most notable figures in the history.

REMEMBER IF WOMEN CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE SO CAN WE !!!!...AND GOOD LUCK ON THE MIDTERM!