ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS Anthony D. Joseph Randy H. Katz B. R. Badrinath UC Berkeley BMRC MIG Seminar September 16, Cellular “Core” Network Bridge to the Future S. S. 7

Transparent Information Access Policy-based Location-based Activity-based Speech-to-Text Speech-to-Voice Attached- Call-to-Pager/ Notification -to-Speech All compositions of the above! Universal In-box

Smart Spaces Walk into a A/V room and control everything with your own wireless PDA –Services for each device –Automated discovery and use –Automated UI generation –Composite behaviors Phones as well as PDAs –Speech-enabled control

Potentially Any Network Service (PANS) 2-way Paging WIP GSM/CDMA PSTN IP Iceberg Access Points (More than gateways) Provide policy engine Handle routing, security IAP Same service in different networks Service handoff between networks E.g., “follow me” service E.g., any-to-any service High BW IP core Diverse access links

ICEBERG: Internet-based core for CEllular networks BEyond the thiRd Generation Project: June June 2001, joint with Ericsson The Challenge –Developing service intensive, network-based, real-time applications –Securely embedding computational resources in the switching fabric –Providing an open, extensible network environment: heterogeneity Computing –Encapsulating legacy servers and partitioning “thin” client functionality –Scalability: 100,000s of simultaneous users in the SF Bay Area High BW IP backbones plus diverse access networks –Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics –Third generation cellular systems: UMTS/IMT2000 –Next generation wireless LANs: Bluetooth –Home networking: DSL / Cable modem

Important Trends Multimedia / Voice over IP networks –Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network –Simultaneous delay sensitive and delay insensitive flows (RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling) Intelligence shifts to the network edges –User-implemented functionality Programmable intelligence inside the network –Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure –TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere” –Rapid new service development –Speech-based services Implications for cellular network infrastructure of the 21st century? –High BW data (384 Kb/s-2 Mb/s): Reliable Link Protocols

Outline Example Services Challenges and Trends Project Goals Experimental Testbed Project Approach and Strategy Research Areas Summary

ICEBERG Project Goals Demonstrate ease of new service deployment –Packet voice for computer-telephony integration –Speech- and location-enabled applications –Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the four P’s: PDAs, pads, pagers, phones) –Mobility and generalized routing redirection Demonstrate new system architecture to support innovative applications –Personal Information Management »Universal In-box: , news, fax, voice mail »Notification redirection: e.g., , pager –Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator integration »Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall

ICEBERG Project Goals Understand the implications for cellular network design based on IP technology –Cellular / IP interworking functionality –IP network provisioning for scalability –“Soft” QoS for delay-sensitive flows –Multinetwork mobility and security support Understand how to –Encapsulate existing applications services like speech-to-text –Deploy and manage such computationally intensive services in the network –Integrate other kinds of services, like mobility and redirection, inside the network

Experimental Testbed SimMillennium Network Infrastructure GSM BTS Millennium Cluster WLAN / Bluetooth Pager IBM WorkPad CF788 MC-16 Motorola Pagewriter Soda 326 Soda “Colab” 405 Soda Velo Smart Spaces Personal Information Management H.323 GW Nino

Project Approach Understanding three key research areas –Cellular / IP integration » Mobility Management –Wireless link management »Packet Scheduling in GPRS and W-CDMA »Reliable Link Protocols –Proxy- and Multicast-Enabled Services »Speech / Information dissemination ProActive Infrastructure: NINJA –Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure –Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text –Service and server discovery –Security, authentication, and billing

Internet-Scale Systems Research Group Computing and Communications Platform: Millennium/NOW Distributed Computing Services: NINJA Active Services Architecture MASH Media Processing Services Distributed Videoconferencing Room-scale Collaboration TranSend Extensible Proxy Services ICEBERG Computer-Telephony Services Speech and Location Aware Applications Personal Information Management and “Smart Spaces”

Project Strategy Analyze Existing Systems Design Next Generation Implement New System ns & BONES Simulations -- Ericsson channel error models -- GSM-based infrastructure -- GSM media access & link layer GSM Infrastructure Elements -- Data over PBMS GSM Network -- GSM Base Station -- Integration with IP-infrastructure Prototype Elements -- Handset/computer integration -- Java-enabled components --Speech-based services

Outline Example Services Challenges and Trends Project Goals Experimental Testbed Project Approach and Strategy Research Areas Summary

Cellular / IP Integration Integrating a GSM BTS with an IP core network –Mapping IP signaling to SS7 radio management –Call admission and handoff Mobility management interworking –Mobile IP uses home agent / foreign agent –GSM uses Home Location Register / Visiting Location Register –Handoff between Mobile IP and GSM networks –Scalability, security of Mobile IP? Generalized redirection agents –User- or service-specified dynamic policy-based redirection »1-800 service, to pagers, etc. –Service mobility as a first class object

GSM BTS-IP Integration BTS UPSim Ethernet IP-PAD Traffic Signaling E1 Control Signaling GSM Phone E1: 13kb/s 12kb/s VAT Internet PC Interactive Voice Response Infocaster H.323 GW NetMeeting Simulates BSC and MSC functionality PSTN Demo in 440 Soda after the talk

OfficePSTN: FaxPSTN: DeskIP: rover.cs.berkeley.edu:555 LaptopIP: fido.cs.berkeley.edu:555 PCS: Home: OfficePSTN: FaxPSTN: DeskIP: rover.cs.berkeley.edu:555 LaptopIP: fido.cs.berkeley.edu:555 PCS: Home: An Entity has a universal name and a profile; Entities are people or processes Universal Names: Globally unique IDs Profile: set of domain-specific names Service Mobility as a First-Class Object

Iceberg Inter-Domain Naming Protocol IDNP Server IDNP Server Caller’s network, Interactive, CallerID certificate) IDNP Server IDNP Server Profile Policy System State System State Replicated Information: Real-time Lazy Epidemic minutes/hours days/weeks weeks/months IAP

Wireless Link Management Modeling GSM media access, link, routing, and transport layers –Validated ns modeling suite and BONES simulator –GSM channel error models from Ericsson QoS and link scheduling for next generation links –High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) –RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling Reliable Link Protocols –Wireless links have high error rates (> 1%) –Reliable transport protocols (TCP) interpret errors as congestion –Solution is ARQ protocol, but retransmissions introduce jitter

RLP-TCP Collection & Analysis Tools RLP and TCP interaction measurement / analysis –Both are reliable protocols (link and transport layers) –Trace analysis tool to determine current interaction effects –Trace collection/analysis for design of next generation networks BTS TCP: End-to-End Reliability RLP: Wireless Reliability BSCMSC GSM Network TCP / RLP stats RLP stats TCP / RLP stats Post-processing tool (120 bytes/s) Demo after talk

TCP and RLP Data Plot Sent 30,720 bytes from mobile host to stationary host

New Services Encapsulating complex data transformations –Speech-to-text, text-to-speech Composition of services –Voice mail-to- , -to-voice mail Location-aware information services –E.g., traffic reports Multicast-enabled information services –Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as number of subscribed layers increase

Simulated Ninja Environment Speech is the ubiquitous access method –Access from millions of phones (analog to digital cellular) Simja Server Service Entity Room Control Entity Barbara Entity Emre Room (MASH) UDP RMI Gateway Cell Phone IP-Pad (BTS) RTP

Interactive Voice Response to A/V Devices Application First application: Controlling A/V devices Next application: Personal Information Mgmt (PIM) Room Entity Text to Command ICSI Speech Recognizer Microphone Cell phone A/V Devices Response to Client Path Audio TextCmd Demo after talk

Summary Large-scale testbed deployment is progressing well –Lots of work by the students during the summer –BTS-IP integration progressing –Iceberg testbed will be mostly completed this fall –Testbed will enable development of new protocols Lots of on-going design work –Automatic path creation –Service handoff: Passing metadata across/through networks –IVR: More applications and devices (WindowsCE) –Service location and discovery »Query model and security –RLP implementation in IP-PAD

ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS Anthony D. Joseph Randy H. Katz B. R. Badrinath UC Berkeley BMRC MIG Seminar September 16, Cellular “Core” Network Bridge to the Future S. S. 7