What is the effect of friction on our lives?

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Presentation transcript:

What is the effect of friction on our lives? What is friction? Friction acts on an object which slides or tends to slide over another object. What is the effect of friction on our lives? e.g. The car cannot travel without friction.

How can we measure the friction between a sliding block and a table? Pull the block with a spring balance

When the pulling force is small, friction When the pulling force is small, pulling force = friction The block does not move.

Increase the pulling force such that friction Increase the pulling force such that pulling force maximum friction between the block and the table = The block still does not move.

Increase the pulling force such that friction Increase the pulling force such that pulling force maximum friction between the block and the table > The block moves. Simulation: Friction

Friction depends on the nature of the sliding surfaces. Rubber is used in tyres and brake pad on a bicycle tyre brake pad  It can exert a large friction.

Special carved patterns help to increase friction. The grooved pattern underneath a hiking shoe

Reducing friction Can you give daily examples of reducing friction? Lubricants used in bicycle gears Rolling motion in ball bearings

A levitated object experiences negligible friction during motion. An ‘air cushion ball’ game A Maglev

Can you give daily examples of reducing fluid friction? Fluid friction – resistive force exerted on a body moving in a gas or a liquid. e.g. air resistance, water resistance speed of the object fluid friction Can you give daily examples of reducing fluid friction?

Airplanes are in streamlined shapes to minimize air resistance. Swimmer wear smooth suit to reduce water resistance.

Terminal velocity When a skydiver just jumps out of an aircraft … EXTENSION When a skydiver just jumps out of an aircraft … velocity = 0 force acting on him: weight net force = weight acceleration = g (downwards) weight

net force = weight – air resistance ( ) When he moves faster... velocity force acting on him: weight weight air resistance (constant) air resistance ( , < weight) net force = weight – air resistance ( ) acceleration

Air resistance continues to increase such that weight air resistance air resistance = weight net force = weight – air resistance = 0 acceleration = 0 he moves at a constant velocity Terminal velocity Simulation: Skydiver

Terminal velocity depends on the (1) weight of the falling object large gravitational force large terminal velocity heavy object (2) surface area of the falling object. object with large surface area small terminal velocity large air resistance

Why can a parachute make the skydiver land safely? A parachute has a large surface area Terminal velocity of the skydiver

That’s the end of Section 6.2 Check Point Key Ideas Previous Page Section 6.3 Exit