Residential Roof Types

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Presentation transcript:

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture © 2010 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Residential Roof Types Roof Shapes Roof Types Roofs in Architecture Roofing Materials Roofs as Sustainable Space Energy Star Roof Systems Roof Trusses Roof Rafters Roof Pitch Building Codes Roof Pitch and Materials Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Roof Shapes Roofs protect buildings and occupants from wind, rain, cold, sun, heat, dust, etc. Roofs add to the visual appearance of a building. Pitched roofs shed rainfall away from the structure. Low-slope roofs require installation of drains to remove rain and snow melt from the structure. Roofs come in many shapes. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Roof Types Shed Gable Hip Gable with Dormer Gable & Valley Hip & Valley Low-Slope (Flat) Gambrel Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Roofs as Sustainable Space Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Roofs as Sustainable Space Natural light creates a pleasant space for occupants and requires less energy for lighting. Fewer light fixtures are required when using the light from the sun. One way to provide more natural light is by using skylights. Architects can receive Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credits when reducing energy used by buildings. Istockphoto.com® Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Energy Star Roof Systems Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Energy Star Roof Systems Energy collected from the sun can be used in the structure. Reflective roofs reduce cooling energy costs. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Roof Trusses Courtesy Isle of Palms, SC Recreation Department A roof truss is a simple assembly of members forming a rigid framework of triangular shapes. Courtesy Leslie Eaves Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Rafters Rafters are an alternative to trusses for roof support. Rafters are roof beams that slope from the ridge beam to the top of the wall. Istockphoto.com® Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Roof Pitch (Slope) Roof pitch determined by rise/run Run 12 in. Rise 7 in. Example: A 7/12 (or 7:12) (pronounced “seven twelve”) pitch means that the roof rises 7 in. for every 12 in. horizontally. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Common Residential Roof Covering Materials Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Common Residential Roof Covering Materials Standing Metal Seam Clay/Cement Tiles Asphalt Shingles These roof covering materials are common for pitched (or sloped roofs). Istockphoto.com® Wood/Cedar Slate Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Building Codes A set of rules that specify the minimum standards for construction International Residential Code (IRC) Minimum regulations for residential building systems Adopted by many municipalities Dictates minimum roof slope by finish material Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Roof Pitch and Covering Materials Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Roof Pitch and Covering Materials Asphalt shingles Slope. Asphalt shingles shall be used only on roof slopes of two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (2:12) or greater. For roof slopes from 2:12 to 4:12, double underlayment application is required. Clay and Concrete tile Deck slope. Concrete and clay tile shall be used only on roof slopes of two and one-half units vertical in 12 units horizontal (2½ :12) or greater. For roof slopes from 2½ :12 to 4:12, double underlayment application is required. The International Residential Code includes regulations related to a vast array of building planning, design, and construction topics including design load criteria, energy conservation, mechanical systems, plumbing and electrical design. The code regulations related to roof slope presented here are a very, very small part of the IRC. We will discuss more IRC regulations later in this lesson. Source: 2012 International Residential Code – Chapter 9 Roof Assemblies Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Roof Pitch and Covering Materials Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Roof Pitch and Covering Materials Slate and Slate-style shingles Deck slope. Slate shingles shall be used only on slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33- percent slope) or greater. Wood Shakes Deck slope. Wood shakes shall only be used on slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope) or greater. Metal roof panels Slope. Varies by type Source: 2012 International Residential Code – Chapter 9 Roof Assemblies Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Roof Pitch and Covering Materials Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Roof Pitch and Covering Materials Low-slope roofing materials Built-up roofing Modified bitumen roofing Thermoset single-ply roofing Thermoplastic single-ply roofing Slope. Roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage. Sloped roofs are designed with sufficient slope to ensure that rain water runs off of the roof fairly quickly. The shallower the pitch the longer the rain water remains on the roof. To protect the building against water intrusion, low slope roofs require covering materials that are more water-tight than is required for roofs with steeper slopes. Source: 2012 International Residential Code – Chapter 9 Roof Assemblies Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Identify the Roof Type Low slope. Although it is not obvious in this picture, the roof covering must be of a material allowed for low-slope roofs such as a built-up roof, modified bitumen, or single-ply membrane. Istockphoto.com® Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Identify the Roof Type Shed. The roof covering is asphalt shingles. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Identify the Roof Type Gable with roof tiles. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Identify the Roof Type Hip roof (with valleys) with asphalt shingles. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Identify the Roof Type Gable and valleys with dormers. Wood shakes are used in this application. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Identify the Roof Type Gambrel. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Identify the Roof Type Hip and gable, with valleys. The roof is covered with metal panel roofing. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010

Residential Roof Types Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Building Design and Construction Image Resources iStockphoto. Retrieved March 16,2010 from http://www.istockphoto.com/index.php Microsoft, Inc. (n.d.). Clip art. Retrieved May 26, 2009, from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2010