The Six Kingdoms

Directions Record all notes that have the following symbol on the slide

Classification Today (Linnaeus)  3 Domains  Archae  Bacteria  Eukarya  3 Domains  Archae  Bacteria  Eukarya  Six Kingdoms  Archaebacteria  Eubacteria  Protists  Fungi  Plants  Animals

Three Ways Groups Were Determined  Cell Type  Eukaryotic  Prokaryotic  Number of Cells in the Body  Unicellular  Multi-cellular  Means of Nutrition  Autotrophs  Heterotrophs  Cell Type  Eukaryotic  Prokaryotic  Number of Cells in the Body  Unicellular  Multi-cellular  Means of Nutrition  Autotrophs  Heterotrophs

Three Additional Aspects of Each Group That We Will Note  Cell Wall Components  Chitin  Cellulose  Characteristics  Examples  Cell Wall Components  Chitin  Cellulose  Characteristics  Examples

Archaebacteria  Prokaryotic cells  Unicellular, Autotrophic & Heterotrophic  Cell Wall-made of sugars & amino acids  Formerly Kingdom Monera  Found in extreme environments  Hot boiling water/Thermal vents  Anaerobic conditions  Highly acidic environments  Salt-loving (Halophiles), Methane-producing (Methanogens), Heat & Acid-Loving (Thermophiles)  Prokaryotic cells  Unicellular, Autotrophic & Heterotrophic  Cell Wall-made of sugars & amino acids  Formerly Kingdom Monera  Found in extreme environments  Hot boiling water/Thermal vents  Anaerobic conditions  Highly acidic environments  Salt-loving (Halophiles), Methane-producing (Methanogens), Heat & Acid-Loving (Thermophiles)

Eubacteria  Prokaryotic cells  Unicellular  Heterotrophs and Autotrophs  Cell wall made of sugars & amino acids  Formerly Kingdom Monera (Found Everywhere)  Examples Three Types  Streptococci Cocci  E. coli Bacilli  Samonella Spirilli  Prokaryotic cells  Unicellular  Heterotrophs and Autotrophs  Cell wall made of sugars & amino acids  Formerly Kingdom Monera (Found Everywhere)  Examples Three Types  Streptococci Cocci  E. coli Bacilli  Samonella Spirilli

Protista  Eukaryotic cells  Most unicellular  Most Heterotrophic  Some have cell walls made up of cellulose or chitin  Most diverse: contains microscopic organisms that are animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like Examples  (AL) Amoeba & Paramecium, (PL) Algae & Euglena, (FL) Slime Mold  Eukaryotic cells  Most unicellular  Most Heterotrophic  Some have cell walls made up of cellulose or chitin  Most diverse: contains microscopic organisms that are animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like Examples  (AL) Amoeba & Paramecium, (PL) Algae & Euglena, (FL) Slime Mold

Fungi  Eukaryotic cells  Most are multi-cellular  Heterotrophs  Cell walls made of chitin  Earth’s Decomposers  Examples  Mushrooms  Mold  Mildew  Yeast  Eukaryotic cells  Most are multi-cellular  Heterotrophs  Cell walls made of chitin  Earth’s Decomposers  Examples  Mushrooms  Mold  Mildew  Yeast

Plantae  Description  Eukaryotic cells  Multi-cellular  Autotroph (Primary Producers)  Cell walls made of cellulose  Second largest kingdom  Over 250,000 species  Examples  Flowering plants, Trees  Mosses, Ferns  Description  Eukaryotic cells  Multi-cellular  Autotroph (Primary Producers)  Cell walls made of cellulose  Second largest kingdom  Over 250,000 species  Examples  Flowering plants, Trees  Mosses, Ferns

Kingdom Plantae  multicellular - possess chloroplasts and cell walls  make their own food - PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Reproduce sexually – can be asexual  Vascular plants are more advanced - they have evolved specialized tissues, xylem, which is involved in structural support and water conduction, and phloem, which functions in food conduction  Nonvascular plants are usually no more than an inch or two in height because they do not have adequate support, which is provided by vascular tissues to other plants, to grow bigger  multicellular - possess chloroplasts and cell walls  make their own food - PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Reproduce sexually – can be asexual  Vascular plants are more advanced - they have evolved specialized tissues, xylem, which is involved in structural support and water conduction, and phloem, which functions in food conduction  Nonvascular plants are usually no more than an inch or two in height because they do not have adequate support, which is provided by vascular tissues to other plants, to grow bigger

ONION CELLS FROM LAB – NOTE THE BOXY SHAPE OF PLANT CELLS & THE DISTINCT CELL WALL

Animalia  Description  Eukaryotic cells  Multi-cellular  Heterotrophs (Motile, Complex)  No Cell walls  Largest kingdom  Over 1 million known species  Examples  Sponges, Worms, Insects, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals  Description  Eukaryotic cells  Multi-cellular  Heterotrophs (Motile, Complex)  No Cell walls  Largest kingdom  Over 1 million known species  Examples  Sponges, Worms, Insects, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

Kingdom Animalia  multi-cellular organisms which ingest their food – HETEROTROPHS  Reproduce sexually  multi-cellular organisms which ingest their food – HETEROTROPHS  Reproduce sexually