Frank Forkl (ME) 11 May 2009

P10054 –Advancements to Cigarette Smoking Machine Project Family  Bioengineering Track  Biomedical Systems and Technologies Start Term  (planned start of MSD I) End Term  (planned end of MS II) Faculty Guide  Dr. Risa Robinson (ME) Confirmed Faculty Guide Technical Support Advisor  Mr. Ed Hanzlik (ME) Primary Customer  Dr. Risa Robinson (Mechanical Engineering)  American Cancer Society (Unconfirmed) Project Overvuew

Product Description  Engineered system to simulate smoking of a cigarette  Reproduce accurate cigarette smoking behavior  Collect data on substances deposited in lungs  Provide a physical test to compare CFD model against deposition measurements Picture taken from P08042’s website

Project Deliverables / Business Goals  Advance current cigarette smoking device to allow for a more realistic quantification of substances inhaled by a smoker Primary Market  American Cancer Society / Cancer Research Stakeholders  Cancer and other Researchers  Smokers  Second-Hand Smoke Victims  Cigarette Companies and Retailers  Pharmaceutical Companies Overview of P10054

 Original MSD Project – P08042  Designed and created a cigarette smoking device  Device was unable to reproduce published values  Many potential upgrades could be made  083 and 084 Co-ops  Continuing to develop machine through August 2009  Ex Vivo Rat Lung – P09054  Results and lessons learned from this project may have applications to the cigarette smoking machine

 Failure to Meet ISO Standards  Variable Controls  System currently does control Temperature or Relative Humidity  Creates noise in experimental data  Recent Successes  System in now able to deliver published values of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)  Device now meets specifications of original ACS Grant  Greatly increases likelihood of grant money for system upgrades *Meetings with Ed Hanzlik 3/27/09 and 5/1/09, Ed Hanzlik and Dr. Risa Robinson 4/1/09

 Cleaning  Buildup of Tobacco Particulate needs to be removed  Methanol Circulation Cleaner in early development  Ventilation / Health and Safety  No system in place to fully flush system air following test  Funding  Grants for continued work are still in application process *Meetings with Ed Hanzlik 3/27/09 and 5/1/09, Ed Hanzlik and Dr. Risa Robinson 4/1/09

Goals of Cigarette Smoking Machine in P10052 *Meetings with Ed Hanzlik 3/27/09 and 5/1/09, Ed Hanzlik and Dr. Risa Robinson 4/1/09 More accurately simulate behavior of smokers Collect smoker “profiles” experimentally Standardized long-term testing protocol has allowed test to be engineered around by Tobacco companies Use software such as LabView to operate machine based on profile Ideally, in real time Likely after some processing time, or with a mild delay Correlate experimentally collected data against CFD models and state-of-the-art published literature

Goals of Cigarette Smoking Machine Long-Term Replicating smokers behavior real-time in data collection Puff-by-Puff Analysis – Measure carcinogens in each individual puff Grow actual lung cells in cast to collect more realistic deposition data Real-time carcinogen data generation Move further into Bioengineering realm Use P09054 data to improve P10042 *Meetings with Ed Hanzlik 3/27/09 and 5/1/09, Ed Hanzlik and Dr. Risa Robinson 4/1/09

Major Improvements Have system reproduce published results Have system replicate the behavior of a real human smoker Collect data on chemical composition, particle size, and deposition in human lungs Current Experimental Issues Noise in experiment Temperature not controlled Relative humidity not controlled Doesn’t meet ISO 3380 Buildup of Tobacco Particulate in System Health and Safety System doesn’t adequately vent after experiment Tobacco residue and odor Ease of Use Current Labview Interface is messy Large portions of code not active yet Note: This slide was not used at the time of Presentation, but added later for completeness

Increased Understanding of Smoke in Lungs Accurate Smoking Model Standard Method vs. Accepted Values Smoking Profiles from Human Smokers Accurate Experimental Data Meeting ISO Standards Variable Control Cleaning Experiment Outputs Smoke Content PAH Content on Cambridge Filters Smoke Particle Deposition in Lung Cast Particle Size Distribution

Model and Analyze Smoke in Lungs Accurately Reproduce Cigarette Smoking Reproduce Published Values Collection and Replication of Smoker Profiles Data Collection Device Translation to Usable Form by Smoking Machine Insure Reliable Experimental Data Component Particulate Management System Check Against CFD Models / Literature Meet ISO Standards Increase Number of Controlled Variables Temperature / RH Analyze Results of Experiment 44mm Cambridge Filter Testing Amount of PAH in Sample Particle Impactor Study Smoke Particle Deposition Within Lung Cast New Lung Cast

Reproduce Publish Values Collection and Replication of Smoker Profiles Meet ISO Standards Check Against CFD Models / Published Literature Component Particulate Management System 44mm Cambridge Filter Testing Particle Impactor Study Smoke Particle Deposition Within Lung Cast Standard Method vs. Accepted Values Smoking Profiles from Human Smokers Meeting ISO Standards Cleaning Smoke Content Particle Size Distribution Smoke Particle Deposition in Lung Cast

 Key Advancements to the Device  Breathing tube to gather data from real smokers  Design and ergonomic concerns  DAQ system to convert data into usable signal  Likely export to look-up table  Software to interface between user, smoker data and machine  Either Labview or custom GUI  New hardware to allow precision flow control

 Secondary Key Path – Meeting ISO Standards  Likely critical to meet sponsor’s requirements  Needed to validate the device at a fundamental level  Further “Beyond the Standard” developments lose creditability without it  Includes:  Temperature Control  RH Control  Cigarette Holder  Pump Analysis

 Other Project Goals  Cleaning device to create regularity and automation in system maintenance  CFD Model of system / Design method to fully flush system air following experiments  Minimize latency time between data intake and machine reproduction  Ideally “real-time”

ME1 (DPM Student) ME 2ME 3EE 1EE 2CE* Team Management Xo Coordinating System Interfaces/ “Big Picture” oXX Coding Skills (LabView) oX Mechanical and Industrial Design of Breathing Tube Xoo Signal Conditioning XXo Hardware/Software Interface (DAQ) ooX Sensors and Controls oXooXo Current System Analysis and Upgrades Xo Component Particulate Management System oX

 Resources:  Bio Engineering Lab ( ) will be primary work area  Ed Hanzlik will be primary faculty support  Can connect to John Wellin for Labview Support  Budget  Unknown at this point, grants not secured  Planning on $500 < x < $5000  No notable intellectual property concerns  Project start point is not static

 Unknown State of Project at Start  Project will need reanalysis of state in Fall  Not getting Requested Staffing  CE is not guaranteed, others would need to pick up Labview/coding slack  Access to John Wellin to get up to speed on Labview  Hangups on Critical Path  Can pull staffing from non-critical paths (ME3, EE2) to assist in completion of critical objectives

RiskConsequenceProbabilitySeverityOverallContingency Plan Unknown State of Project at Start Cannot be sure of project start until Fall arrives HLLProject will need reanalysis of state in Fall Not getting Requested Staffing Might not be assigned CE to handle coding HLMOthers would need to pick up Labview/coding slack. John Wellin could assist in getting up to speed on Labview Hangups on Critical Path Necessary Project Improvements start falling behind MHMTeam members working on non-critical path (ME3, EE2) can switch focus until work is caught up Current Pump Inadequate Pump currently in system cannot handle impedance cause by variable valve MHMAfter reanalysis of necessary pump, a properly sized pump can be purchased. Note: This slide was not used at the time of Presentation, but added later for completeness

Week 0 => Week 1Week 1 => Week 2Week 2 => Week 3 ME Student 1 (Team Manager) Present Introduction to Project, Share Experience/Background Assign roles, access state of system, break down project goals and systems Scope overall project, prioritize project goals, ME Student 2 (Lead Engineer) Share Experience / Background, Explore Existing System Break down project goals, delve further into existing system, Benchmarking Explore system interface concerns and sensor challenges ME Student 3 Share Experience / Background, Explore Existing System Delve further into existing system, Benchmarking Rank systems/objectives by risk, ease of completion, cost EE Student 1 Share Experience / Background, Explore Existing System Breakdown electrical challenge lists, explore current system solutions Rank systems/objectives by risk, ease of completion, cost EE Student 2 Share Experience / Background, Explore Existing System Breakdown electrical challenge lists, explore current system solutions Rank systems/objectives by risk, ease of completion, cost CE Student Share Experience / Background, Explore Existing System Familiarize with existing Labview code and DAQ hardware Determine software direction, scope DAQ challenges

Success defined by completion of primary upgrade: Smoker Profile Collection and Reproductions Further success will come from other improvements to device Picture taken from P08042’s website