Feudal Society in Japan.

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Presentation transcript:

Feudal Society in Japan

Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333 Minamoto Yoritomo Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333

The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Feudal Society

Feudal Society in Japan Emperor: a “figurehead” – Traditional or ceremonial powers ONLY. The Emperor appeared to rule while the Shogun’s actually had the power. Shogun: A military ruler who controlled Japan as the Emperor’s regent

Feudal Society in Japan Daimyo: Powerful military rulers who ruled large farms in the countryside and hired Samurais Samurai: Highly trained, fierce warriors. Fought for honor and land for their Daimyo. They were not free to do as they pleased, because their main duty was to defend the Daimyo and his property.

Feudal Society in Japan Peasants: Farmers, fishermen, workers – respectable Artisans: Skilled workers who make swords & armor, etc. – Respectable Merchants: Businessmen – they buy and sell for profit – not respected, but they are rich

Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan: Shogun Land - Shoen Loyalty Land - Shoen Daimyo Daimyo Loyalty Samurai Samurai Samurai Food Protection Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant

Code of Bushido “The Way of the Warrior” – the Samurai code of honor sworn to a Daimyo is known as Bushido Bushido required Samurai to be brave and honorable fighters Both men and women of samurai families learned how to fight – women learned so they could protect their homes from robbers.

Code of Bushido Bushidō expanded and formalized the earlier code of the samurai, and stressed frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honor to the death. Under the bushidō ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could only regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide).

Seppuku: Ritual Suicide It is honorable to die in this way. Kaishaku – his “seconds”

Full Samurai Attire

Samurai Sword

Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense A COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)

BILLOWING PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14th Century imperial prince STURDY SHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front

Samurai Charging

Zen Buddhism A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China. It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.

4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them. Mongol “Invasions” of Japan 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them.

C A S T L E S

Osaka Castle

Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

Caernorfon Castle, Wales

R O E N S

The Age of the Warring States: (1467 - 1568) Castles built on hills in different provinces. Power shifts from above to below. Europeans arrive in Japan  bringing firearms & Christianity. Christianity & foreign trade flourish.

Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun. Unifies a large part of Japan.

Catholic Jesuits in Japan St. Francis Xavier [First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598) Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions. Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan.  Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) Appointed shogun by the Emperor. Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class!  Warriors. Farmers. Artisans. Merchants.

Tokugawa Shogunate Period Japan closed off to all trade [except to the Dutch and Chinese].  The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor. Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden. The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun. Domestic trade flourishes. Towns, esp. castle towns, increase. Merchant class becomes rich!  New art forms  haiku poetry, kabuki theater.