Anatomy and Physiology Skeletal system And Joints

Skeletal System Frame work of the body Huge role in movement Protects from injury 206 bones Adult skeleton

Divisions of the skeletal system Axial skeleton (green) Bones of the Skull Face Ribs Spine Does not include Arms Legs Fingers Toes

Divisions of the skeletal system Appendicular skeleton (purple) Bones of the: Arms Legs Hands Feet Hips / shoulders Does not include Bones of the axial skeleton.

Structure of bone Osseous tissue = bone. Bone Cells Hard connective tissue Composed of Cells and minerals Rendered hard by: Calcium Phosphate Fluoride Bone Cells Osteoblasts Bone building cells Build or repair damaged bone Osteoclasts Bone resorbing or remodeling cells Remove dead / dying bone cells.

Types of bone Compact Aka cortical bone Hard Dense Very strong Appears white Forms the Outer layer of bone Shafts of long bones

Types of bone Cancellous bone Aka spongy bone Looks like a sponge Light weight Weaker than compact Forms the: Interior of bones Contains Red bone marrow

Trabeculae Interconnecting meshwork of bone. Found in spongy bone Give the bone its “spongy” appearance Provides strength w/out weight Filled with red bone marrow.

Periosteum Tough, fibrous tissue Covers all compact bone of the body. Responsible for the life of the bone. Contains Blood Lymph vessels Osteoblasts Bone building cells Nerve tissue

Bone Marrow Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow Found in cancellous bone Consists of blood vessels and connective tissue Makes Red blood cells (rbc’s) White blood cells (wbc’s) Platelets Yellow bone marrow Found in shafts of long bones Consists of fat cells Makes White blood cells Slowly replaces red bone marrow.

Joints 3 main types of joints Where two or more bones meet to form a junction. Aka articulations 3 main types of joints

Fibrous joints Immovable joints Found in the skull Between bones of the Cranium Face Aka sutures of the skull Holds bones firmly together.

Cartilaginous joints Cartilage found in the joint. Allows for slight movement. Found between the vertebrae of the spine.

Synovial joints Provide wide range of movement Majority of joints are “synovial” Contain a fluid Synovial fluid Contained in a sac bursa

Cartilage Tough Non-vascular Resilient tissue Found between bones (no blood supply) Resilient tissue (flexible, withstands trauma) Found between bones Reduces friction Forms Tip of nose ears

Joint examples Hinge: Hinge-glide Ball and socket Condyloid Pivot Knee Elbow Hinge-glide TMJ Ball and socket Shoulder hip Condyloid Knuckles Pivot Top of neck Elbow Rotation Saddle Thumb

Hinge

Ball and socket

Pivot

Saddle

Gliding

Hinge and Glide Temporomandibular joint

Conclusion Knowing the bones and joints of the body are important parts of your job. You should know more than your patients. When in doubt, ask questions. Please make sure to review the chapter and the section on the skeletal system and joints. Any Questions???????