VarjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ *Mk- lqcks/k egarh] oSKkfud *,Q*] foKku izlkj],&50] baLVhV~;w'kuy,fj;k] lsDVj&62] uks,Mk & 201 309] m-iz-

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varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ *Mk- lqcks/k egarh] oSKkfud *,Q*] foKku izlkj],&50] baLVhV~;w'kuy,fj;k] lsDVj&62] uks,Mk & ] m-iz-

fo’o HkkSfrdh o"kZ&2005] varjkZ"Vªh; i`Foh xzg o"kZ&2008] varjkZ"Vªh; [kxksfydh o"kZ&2009] varjkZ"Vªh; tSo&fofo/krk&2010 ds ckn la;qDr jk"Vª la?k }kjk o"kZ 2011 dks varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS A lu~ 1959 ls la;qDr jk"Vª la?k fo"k; dsafnzr varjkZ"Vªh; o"kZ ?kksf"kr dj jgk gS A ;g blfy, fd;k tkrk gS fd mu fo"k;ksa ds eq[; eqn~nksa ij fo’o ds lHkh yksxksa dk /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k tk lds,oa mu fo’oO;kih leL;kvksa ds gy fudkyus ds fy;s varjkZ"Vªh; igy dh tk lds A la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ds lk/kkj.k lHkk dh 63oha cSBd esa ¼fnlEcj 2008½ 2011 dks varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ ?kksf"kr fd;k vkSj bldks lQy cukus dk nkf;Ro ;wusLdks,oa vkbZih;w,lh dks la;qDr :i ls lkSaik x;k A

jlk;u foKku varjkZ"Vªh; o"kZ ds nkSjku jlk;u foKku dh oSKkfud miyfC/k;ka rFkk ekuo Kku] i;kZoj.k lqj{kk] LokLF; lq/kkj,oa vkfFkZd fodkl esa blds ;ksxnkuksa ds mRlo ds :i esa euk;k tk;sxkA varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ 2011 dh eq[; Fkhe gS % ^ jlk;u foKku&gekjk thou gekjk Hkfo";^ A varjkZ"Vªh; i`Foh xzg o"kZ 2011 ds nkSjku lHkh vk;q oxZ ds yksxksa ds fy;s dbZ rjg dh vU;ksU; fØ;k laca/kh ¼baVj,fDVo½ vkeksn tud,oa ’kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ka dk fo’oO;kih vk;kstu fd;k tk;sxkA LFkkuh; {ks=h;,oa jk"Vªh; Lrj ij vke yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf’pr djus dh O;oLFkk dh tk;sxhA

varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ&2011 ds nkSjku dh tkus okyh xfrfof/k;kas esa ls gS % 1- vke vkneh le> lds fd Ekkuo tkfr dh vko’;drkvksa dks iwjh djus esa jlk;u foKku dh D;k Hkwfedk gSA jlk;u foKku dks lgh vFkZ esa dsanzh; foKku dgk tkrk gS A ekuo ds i`Foh rFkk czãkaM dks tkuus le>us ds iz;kl esa jlk;u foKku us vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gS,oa fuHkkrh jgsxhA jklk;fud vfHkfØ;kvksa ;k vk.kfod :ikarj.k [kkn~; nzO;] bZ/ku] /kkrq vkS"kf/k] [kkn rFkk yxHkx lHkh mRikfnr rFkk fu"dkflr inkFkZ ds mRiknu esa vfuok;Z Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA jlk;u foKku ekuo Kku dks fodflr djus ds lkFk&lkFk ekuo lekt dh vkfFkZd izxfr esa xq:Roiw.kZ dkjd gSA

;qok oxZ esa jlk;u foKku dh :fp iSnk djuk A izkd`frd lalk/kuksa ds oguh izca/ku ds fy, jlk;u&foKku dks mtkxj fd;k tk;sxk rkfd bl dsanzh; foKku ds izfr izFke Js.kh ds ;qok oxZ ds loksZRd`"V izfrfuf/k;ksa dks vkdf"kZr fd;k tk;s A la;qDr jk"Vª la/k ds rRoko/ku esa varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ ds nkSjku dh xbZ xfrfof/k;ka ;w,u MhdsM vkWQ,twds’ku QkWj lLVsusoy MsoyiesaV dh miyfC/k;ksa dks gkfly djus esa fo’ks"kdj LokLF;,oa i;kZoj.k ds {ks=ksa esa mi;ksxh fl) gksxh A bl o"kZ ds nkSjku dh xbZ fofHkUu jk"Vªh;,oa varjkZ"Vªh; xfrfof/k;ka esa bl ckr ij tksj fn;k tk;sxk fd thou ds fy;s izkd`frd lalk/ku vk/kkj dks oguh; rjhds j{kk djus esa jlk;u foKku fdl rjg ls enn dj ldrk gSa A

jlk;u foKku ds l`tukRed Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa tkx:drk iSnk djuk A ekuo tkfr ds i`Foh rFkk czãkaM ds ckjs esa le>nkjh jlk;u foKku ds Kku ij dkQh gn rd vk/kkfjr gSA vkf.kod xq.k/keksZa dh le>nkjh c nkjh vifjgk;Z gSA ekuo tkfr dh orZeku pqukSfr;ksa tSls fd la;qDr jk"Vª ds lglzkCn y{; ¼feysfu;e xksYl½ dks izkIr djus esa jlk;u foKku dh vge Hkwfedk gksxhA

varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ&2011 esa ekjh D;wjh ¼1867&1934½ ds jlk;u foKku esa uksosy iqjLdkj feyus ds lkS o"kZ iwjs gks jgs gSaA ekjh D;wjh dk ;g nwljk ukscsy iqjLdkj Fkk tks mudks lu~ 1903 esa muds ifr fi,js D;wjh ¼1859&1906½ ds lkFk la;qDr :i esa HkkSfrdh esa fn;k x;k Fkk A ekjh D;wjh ds jlk;u foKku esa ukscsy iqjLdkj dk ’krkCnh o"kZ Hkh varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u o"kZ 2011 esa iM+ jgk gS A blls bl o"kZ ds nkSjku efgykvksa ds foKku esa ;ksxnkuksa dks lkspus&le>us ds fy, lq&volj feysxk A

o"kZ 2011 esa baVjus’kuy,lksfl,’ku vkWQ dsfedy lkslkbfVt dh LFkkiuk ds lkS lky Hkh iwjs gksaxs A bl laLFkk dks 1911 esa isfjl] Ýkal esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk A ftlus ckn esa vkbZ;wih,lh dk :i fy;kA blfy;s varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ 2011 foKku esa varjkZ"Vªh; lgHkkfxrk dh mi;ksfxrk ;k Qk;ns dks lkspus&le>us esa lgk;d fl) gksxkA

vkpk;Z izQqYy panz jk; ¼1861&1944½ dk 150oka tUe o"kZ py jgk gS A jk; us gh Hkkjr esa vk/kqfud jlk;u foKku esa ’kks/k dh ijiajk ’kq: dh Fkh A mUgksaus jklk;fud m|ksx dh Hkh uhao j[khA varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ&2011 ds nkSjku muds thou,oa dk;Z ds ckjs esa vke vknfe;ksa rFkk Nk=ksa ls ifjfpr djkuk Hkh,d egRowi.kZ xfrfof/k gksuk pkfg,A bl volj ij Hkkjr esa jlk;u foKku esa ’kks/k dk ewY;kadu,oa ftu jlk;u foKkfu;ksa us egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k;ka gkfly dh gSa muds ckjs esa ppkZ gksuh pkfg,A

varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ 2011 fuEufyf[kr y{; dks gkfly djus ds fy;s iz;kl djsxk A 1- vke vkneh ds jlk;u foKku dh le>nkjh,oa ekuo tkfr ds Hkfo"; lqjf{kr djus esa bldh Hkwfedk dks le>us ds fy, {kerk dks c<+kok nsuk A 2- varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;fud lfefr;ka ’kSf{kd laLFkkuksa rFkk ljdkjh] xSj&ljdkjh,oa vkS|ksfxd laLFkkuksa ds fy;s varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ&2011,d Qksdl fcanq ;k xfrfof/k;ksa ds lwpuk lzksr ds :i esa dke djsxk rkfd varjkZ"Vªh; Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok feys lds A 3- fo’oLrj ij pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy;s jlk;u foKku dh Hkwfedk dks izksRlkgu nsukA

;qok oxZ dks foKku dh fofHkUu ’kk[kkvksa ds lkFk tqM+us fo’ks"kdj muesa ifjdYiuk] iz;ksx] fo’ys"k.k,oa fu"d"kZ ds vk/kkj ij foKku fof/k dks viukus ds fy;s {kerk iSnk djus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk A lHkh oxZ ds Nk=ksa ¼izkd~&Ldwy ls fo’ofo|ky; rd½ ds fy;s mi;qDr jlk;u foKku laca/kh izn’kZfu;ksa dk vk;kstu djuk A vkS|ksfxd LFkyksa dk fujh{k.k djuk A lekpkj i=ksa,oa if=dkvksa esa ys[k rFkk Vhoh,oa jsfM;ks izksxzke ds }kjk fo’o dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa jlk;u foKku dh Hkwfedk dk izpkj djukA jlk;u foKku dh mi;ksfxrk,oa bldh foLe;dkjh miyfC/k;ksa dks izdk’ke; djds iksLVj izn’kZu dk vk;kstu djukA

leL;k lek/kku izdYiksa dk vk;kstu djuk ftlls miyC/k Kku ls Nk= LFkkuh; leL;kvksa dk gy <wa< ldrs gSa A ekuo thou dks mUur djus esa jlk;u foKku dk ;ksxnku fo’ks"kdj gky ds jlk;u foKku esa ’kks/k miyfC/k;ka dk izpkj djuk A Ldwyksa esa fo’ks"kKksa dks cqykuk tks Nk=ksa dks le>k ldsaxs fd fdl rjg ls jlk;u foKku muds Hkfo"; is’kksa ;k thfodk esa dke vk ldrk gSA Nk=ksa ds fy;s Lo;a djssa ¼vFkkZr vius gkFkksa ls½ xfrfof/k;ka rFkk izn’kZu dk vk;kstu djuk rkfd mudks irk pys fd jlk;u foKku laca/kh {ks=ksa esa dke djus dk eryc D;k gksrk gS A ljdkj ds vykok vf/kdkfj;ksa ls jklk;fud m|ksx ds fodkl ds ckjs esa ppkZ djuk A

varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ&2011 ds nkSjku,d fo’oO;kih iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gS ftldk mns’; gS fo’oHkj ds Ldwyksa us,d lkFk,d gh iz;ksx fd, A bl iz;ksx dk ’kh"kZd gS% ^^ty%,d jklk;fud ?kksy**,oa bl iz;ksx ds tfj, ty dks lkoZHkkSfed foyk;d ds :i esa rFkk bldh lekt,oa i;kZoj.k esa Hkwfedk dks mtkxj fd;k tk,xkA bl iz;ksx ds varxZr pkj xfrfof/k;ka pquh xbZ gaS ftUgsa f’k{kdksa dh enn ls Ldwyh Nk=ksa dks djuk gS A

1- LFkkuh; tyk’k; esa ekStwn ikuh dk ih-,p- eku fudkyuk bl xfrfof/k dk ’kh"kZd gS ^i`Foh xzg dk ih-,p- eku* A 2- LFkkuh; tyk’k; esa ekStwn ikuh dh yo.krk ekiukA 3-Ldwyh cPps lh[ksaxs fd fdl rjg ls jlk;u foKku dk bLrseky djds lk/kkj.k ikuh dks ihus ;ksX; cuk;k tkrk gS A 4-Ldwyh cPpksa dks ?kjsyw lkeku bLrseky djds lksyj fLVy ¼lkSj HkHkdk½ dks rS;kj djkus,oa ikuh ds fo’kqf)dj.k esa blds iz;ksx ds fy, izf’k{k.k nsukA

varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ&2011 ds mn~ns’;ksa ds ckjs esa ckr djus ds ckn vkb;s ns[krs gSa fd jlk;u foKku D;k gS A jlk;u foKku inkFkZ vFkkZr fdlh Hkh oLrq ftldk nzO;eku,oa vk;ru gS,oa blds :ikarj ds v/;;u djus dk foKku gSA foKku dh ;g ’kk[kk inkFkZ ds la;kstu] O;ogkj] lajpuk,oa xq.k/keZ rFkk jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku inkFkZ ds :ikarj.k dk v/;;u djrh gSa A jlk;u foKku foKku dh lcls foLr`r ’kk[kk gS] tc ge blds ckjs esa lksprs gSa rks yxrk gS fd lHkh dqN jlk;u foKku gSA jlk;u foKku us gekjh ftUnxh ds gj igyq dks izHkkfor fd;k gS A d`f"k esa iSnkokj c k;k gS fdl rjg inkFkZ curs gSa,oa :ikarfjr gksrs gSaA

izkphu ekuo lH;rk;sa Hkh dqN jklk;fud izØeksa ds lkFk ifjfpr Fks tSls fd v;Ld ls /kkrq dk fu"dklu,oa feJ /kkrq cukus dh dykA fdfe;kxjksa dh dbZ ihf<+;kas us vi/kkrqvksa dks lksus esa ifjofrZr djus ds iz;kl fd;sA bl iz;kl esa os vlQy jgs exj mUgksaus dbZ jklk;fud izØeksa,oa rduhfd;ksa dk fodkl fd;k,oa dksbZ jlk;u cuk;k tks jlk;u foKku dks foKku dh,d ’kk[kk ds :i esa fodflr djus esa dke vk;kA l=goha lnh ds var rd vk/kqfud jlk;u foKku dk mn; gqvkA %

vBkgjoha lnh esa vk/kqfud jlk;u foKku dk mn; gqvk A,saVksu yksjku ySokfl;k ¼1743&1794½ dks vk/kqfud jlk;u foKku dk laLFkkid ekuk tkrk gS A le; ds lkFk&lkFk jlk;u foKku dbZ ’kk[kkvksa esa caV x;k A tSls fd % vdkcZfud jlk;u foKku % dkcZfud jlk;u foKku % HkkSfrd jlk;u foKku % fo’ysf"kd jlk;u foKku % tho jlk;u foKku % d`f"k jlk;u foKku % vkS"kf/k jlk;u foKku % vkS|ksfxd jlk;u foKku % ukfHkdh; jlk;u foKku % Hkwjklk;fud foKku %

blds vykok jlk;u foKku laca/kh vfHk;kaf=dh ’kk[kk;sa gSa A jlk;u foKku cgqr gh foLr`r ’kk[kk gS,oa le; ds lkFk&lkFk u;h ’kk[kk;sa mHkj jgh gSa tSls fd gfjr~ jlk;u foKku] varfj{k jlk;u foKku bR;kfn A var esa ;g dguk mfpr gksxk fd jlk;u foKku us foLe;dkjh miyfC/k;ka gkfly dh gSaA ekuo thou dks mUur fd;k gSA gesa i`Foh rFkk czãkaM dks le>us esa enn dh gSA ekuo tkfr ds Hkfo"; dks lqjf{kr djus ds fy;s jlk;u foKku dk fodkl vfuok;Z gSA ;g rHkh laHko gksxk tc gekjk ;qok oxZ bl foKku ds izfr vkdf"kZr gksxk,oa bl foKku esa u;h&u;h miyfC/k;ka gkfly djsxk] gekjh ljdkj bl foKku dks fodflr djus esa gj laHko iz;kl djsxh ] tc vke vkneh bl foKku ds egRo dks le>saxs] tc fofHkUu ns’kksa ds chp lgHkkfxrk c<+sxhA bu ckrksa ij ppkZ djus,oa mu ij vey djus esa varjk"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ&2011 lqvolj iznku djrk gSa A

vkbZ;s lHkh feydj varjkZ"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ dks lkFkZd cuk;saA /kU;okn