Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Section 4: A Diverse Society Summarize the plight of enslaved Africans and explain their methods of resistance.  Explain how the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening affected the colonies.

Colonial Society Population increases during the Colonial period Population increases during the Colonial period 1. Birth rates > Death rates 1. Birth rates > Death rates Average woman has 7 children Average woman has 7 children 2. Increased immigration 2. Increased immigration Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch) Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch) Scotch- Irish Scotch- Irish ,000 to 250, ,000 to 250, s- 1 million s- 1 million 5. American Revolution- 2.5 million 5. American Revolution- 2.5 million

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Why did the colonial population increase dramatically in the 1700s? People in the colonies were having large families, and increasing numbers of immigrants arrived in the colonies. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Family Life in Colonial America (cont.) (pages 104–105)

What reasons did immigrants have for coming to the American colonies? Many came to escape religious persecution and to find economic opportunities. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 105–106) Immigrants in Colonial America (cont.)

Women in Colonial Society 1. Their status is determined by men 1. Their status is determined by men 2. They are the legal dependent of men 2. They are the legal dependent of men 3. No legal or political standing 3. No legal or political standing Can’t own anything Can’t own anything Property becomes their husbands Property becomes their husbands No legal contracts, wills or lawsuits No legal contracts, wills or lawsuits Husbands can discipline wives and children Husbands can discipline wives and children Unmarried women have more rights Unmarried women have more rights

Sybilla Masters, wife of Philadelphia merchant, invented a corn mill for producing hominy meal from Indian maize. As a woman, she could not own a patent; therefore she filed the patent application for her mill under her husband’s name.

Women (cont’d) 4. Duties of women 4. Duties of women Household work Household work Help each other with childbirth Help each other with childbirth Train their daughters to do women’s chores Train their daughters to do women’s chores

Diseases in Colonial America Typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera Typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera Diphtheria, flu, typhus and scarlet fever Diphtheria, flu, typhus and scarlet fever Smallpox Smallpox Cotton Mather- experiments in vaccines Cotton Mather- experiments in vaccines

Africans in Colonial America 1. SC and GA 1. SC and GA Slaves are a majority Slaves are a majority Little contact with whites Little contact with whites Keep their own culture (Gullah) Keep their own culture (Gullah) 2. VA and MD 2. VA and MD Slaves are a minority Slaves are a minority More contact with whites More contact with whites Learn other skills Learn other skills 3. More free blacks in Middle and New England colonies 3. More free blacks in Middle and New England colonies

Africans (cont’d) 4. Slave resistance 4. Slave resistance Passive Passive Work slowdowns Work slowdowns Pretend to misunderstand instructions Pretend to misunderstand instructions Fake illnesses Fake illnesses Escape Escape Patrols look for them Patrols look for them Rebellion Rebellion Stono Rebellion (SC) Stono Rebellion (SC) Slaves attack owners in 1739 Slaves attack owners in captured and killed captured and killed

How did enslaved Africans fight back against slavery? Some used passive resistance, some escaped, and some occasionally used violence against white slaveholders. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Africans in Colonial America (cont.) (pages 106–107)

The Enlightenment Challenged the Church and authority with science Challenged the Church and authority with science Rationalism and Deism Rationalism and Deism

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Baron Montesquieu

The Great Awakening Revival of religious enthusiasm and commitment Revival of religious enthusiasm and commitment Much like modern day revivals Much like modern day revivals Originally led by Jonathon Edwards of MA Originally led by Jonathon Edwards of MA “Sinners in the hands of an angry God” “Sinners in the hands of an angry God” Teaches that all people can have a relationship with Jesus Teaches that all people can have a relationship with Jesus George Whitefield George Whitefield Indirectly makes people feel they are equal Indirectly makes people feel they are equal

Jonathon Edwards

George Whitefield began preaching outdoors in England when some Anglican ministers refused to let him preach in their churches. He continued this practice when he arrived in America.

Great Awakening

What was the difference between the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening? The Enlightenment was a movement that challenged religious authority and stressed the power of reason, whereas the Great Awakening was a religious movement that was a response to a declining religious fervor among people. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Enlightenment and Great Awakening (cont.) (pages 108–109)

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1.movement in the 1700s that stressed an individual’s piety and an emotional union with God __ 2.movement during the 1700s that stressed dependence on God __ 3.movement during the 1700s that promoted science, knowledge, and reason __ 4.philosophy that emphasizes the role of logic and reason in gaining knowledge __ 5.large public meeting for preaching and prayer A.Enlightenment B.Great Awakening C.rationalism D.pietism E.revival Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. B A D C E

Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain how the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening influenced the American colonies. Both movements emphasized an individualism that supported America’s political independence.

Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Making Comparisons In what ways did enslaved Africans develop their own culture in the American colonies? Enslaved Africans developed their own culture by developing their own language, mixing traditional African religious beliefs with Christian faith, and creating new musical forms.