{ How elements combine I can explain what an ion is and how an ion forms Science Standard: Use the periodic table as a model to predict the properties of elements based on patterns of the electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms
{ Elements, Atoms, and Ions
An atom consists of a nucleus (of protons and neutrons) electrons in space about the nucleus. The Atom Nucleus Electron cloud
+ the positive (+) particle is called a proton
the negative (-) particle is called an electron
the particles that make up atoms have either positive or negative charge
+++++ positive and negative are opposites they cancel each other out
+++++ net charge = zero NEUTRAL ATOM
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In order to understand what ions are, we need to know that…
+++++ in an atom, protons ( ) are in the center and electrons ( ) are on the outside +
+++++ only electrons ( ) can be added or taken away
+++++ this is an atom with 5 electrons and 5 protons
+++++ the atom is neutral net charge = zero
(-) and 5 (+) = zero charge (neutral)
+++++
+++++
+++++ Charged Atom ION charge = ?
+++++ charge = 1- (one minus)
+++++
++++ Charged Atom ION charge = ?
( two plus )
WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS POSITIVE
WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS THE RESULTING CHARGE IS POSITIVE neutral 1+
WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS NEGATIVE WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS NEGATIVE neutral 2 WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
An atom with positive or negative charge is called an drum roll ION
Atoms without charge are called ATOMS Atoms with positive or negative charge are called IONS
Notice that ONLY the number of e - changes The number of protons in an Atom NEVER changes (Only electrons are added or subtracted) (why?)
Ions are what produces color in a plasma ball and the aurora borealis
Ions in the human body
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ions make up the salt you put on French fries
ions are required for your brain to function (ions allow you to see and understand this presentation)
ions are an essential ingredient in soap
ions are required for cellular respiration
ions make up acids and bases
ions keep your blood functioning
ions make up the salt you put French fries ions are required for your brain to function (ions allow you to see and understand this presentation) ions are an essential ingredient in soap ions are required for cellular respiration ions make up acids and bases ions keep your blood functioning
Metals combine with non-metals Metals lose electrons to non-metals They then attract because their charges will be opposite.
metals (Mg) lose electrons ---> positive ion nonmetals (F) gain electrons ---> negative ion PREDICTING ION CHARGES
An atom with positive or negative charge is called an drum roll ION
WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS POSITIVE
WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS THE RESULTING CHARGE IS POSITIVE neutral 1+
Positively charged ion Cation
WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS NEGATIVE WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS NEGATIVE neutral 2 WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
Negatively charged ions Anions
Section A: Complete the chart using a periodic table to help you.
Charges on Common Ions By losing or gaining e-, an atom has same number of e-’s as nearest Group 8 atom and can pretend to be like a noble gas!
{ Opposites Attract! Opposites make a compound