The Rise of Islam Chapter 9 Section 1

Key Terms  Bedouins  Muhammad  Hegira  Islam  Muslim  Qur’an  Five Pillars of Faith  Mosque  Jihad

Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes  Arabian Peninsula crossroads to three continents  Few oases for agriculture  Surrounded by desert  Herders and nomads

The Setting  Bedouins- Arab nomads organized into tribes  Ideals of  Courage  Loyalty to family  Warrior skills  Became Islamic way of life  600’s market towns

Crossroads or Trade and Ideas  Western coast had larger trading towns  Local to long distance  Connected major oceans and trade routes  Transported goods as well as information

Mecca  Caravans stopped during holy months  Brought religious pilgrims  Ka’ab shrine of Abraham  360 idols from different tribes  Allah-one God know in Arabian Pensiula

Muhammad the Messenger  Powerful Meccan Family  Received little schooling  Age 25 became a trader  Married Khadijah his business partner  Met followers of Judaism and Christianity on business

The Revelations  Great interest in religion  Age 40 voice called to him  Meditated in cave outside Mecca  Voice of Gabriel  Told Muhammad he was the messenger of God

Revelations  Muhammad thought he was the last of the prophets  Taught Allah was the only God  Muslims agreed with the principles of Islam  Islam- means submission to the will of Allah

Sharing the Revelations  613 Muhammad preached publicly in Mecca  Followers attacked  Left Mecca 622  Moved to Yathrib  Heigra- the 200 mile trip  Yathrib renamed Medina

Sharing the Revelations  Muhammad displayed leadership skills  Joined Arabs and Jews into a single community  Became a military leader  Hostilities with Mecca  Islam is the faith  Muslims are the followers

Returning to Mecca  630 Muhammad and 10,000 followers marched on Mecca  Destroyed idols of Ka’aba  Meccans pledged loyalty  Muhammad dies two years later

Basic Ideas of Islam  Only one God- Allah  Five Pillars of Faith  1 to become a Muslim There is no God but, A, and Muhammad is the Messenger for Allah  2 Pray five times a day  3 Alms- give to the poor  4 Fasting during Ramadan  5 Pilgrimage if physically and financially perform Haij to Mecca

Guidance and Behavior  Five pillars ensure Muslims live religion while serving the community  Forbidden to eat pork  Drink intoxicating beverages  Friday afternoons for communal worship

A Way of Life  Has no priests or religious authority  Muslims worship Allah directly  Ulama- Muslim scholars  Religious teachers who apply to the word of Allah to everyday life

Sources of Authority  Qur’an-the holy book of Muslims  Written after Muhammad’s death  Written in Arabic  Used in worship  True word  Became language of worshippers and scholars

Source of Authority  Arabic language helped unite conquered people  Sunna- Muhammad’s example the best model of proper living  Shari’a- system of laws that regulate family life, moral conduct, business and community life

People of the Book  All have Allah as the one God  Muslims see Jesus as a prophet not son of God  Qur’an the word of God to Muhammad  Torah to Moses  Gospels to the Christians

People of the Book  Muhammad was the final prophet  All have, heaven, hell, and final judgment  Ancestry to Abraham  Christians and Jews are people of the book  Qur’an requires religious tolerance of Christians and Jews