TOPIC 5 INDEPENDENCE

INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION 31 st August 1957

DEFINITION INDEPENDENCE- The state or quality of being independent; freedom from dependence; exemption from reliance on, or control by, others; self- subsistence or maintenance; direction of one's own affairs without interference.

BACKGROUND MALAYSIA WAS RULED BY FOREIGN POWER – 446 YEARS, THE OPPOSITION AGAINST COLONIALISTS DIVIDED INTO TWO : A. ARMED STRUGGLE- FAILED B. DIPLOMACY & NEGOTIATION THRU POLITICAL PARTIES

A. ARMED STRUGGLE MALACCA OPPOSSED PORTUGUESE- FROM NANING REBELLION- LOCAL MALAY PEOPLES OPPOSSED DUTCH, LEAD BY PENGHULU DOL SAID. PERAK-BRITISH RESIDENT WAS KILLED BY LOCAL PEOPLE IN PASIR SALAK. Kelantan-LEAD BY TOK JANGGUT (TOK JANGGUT REBBELLION)AT PASIR PUTIH.

“PEASANT MOVEMENT”

Anthony Pereira- peasant movement as a "social movement made up of peasants (small landholders or farm workers on large farms), usually inspired by the goal of improving the situation of peasants in a nation or territory". Peasants movement have a long history that can be traced to the numerous peasant uprising that occurred in various regions of the world throughout human history. Early peasant movements were usually the result of stresses in the feudal and semi feudal societies, and resulted in violent uprisings.

B. THE EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES EARLY OF 1920S-1940-UNTIL 2 ND WORLD WAR) MALAYAN COMMUNIST PARTY MALAY YOUTH UNION (KESATUAN Melayu MUDA) BESIDE KMM, THERE WAS A SEVERAL MALAY ORGANIZATION SUCH AS SINGAPORE MALAYS UNION, PERAK MALAYS UNION ETC THEIR OBJECTIVE WAS TO INTEGRATE ALL THE MALAYS. ENCOURAGE MALAYS INVOLVED IN ADMINISTRATION and INCREASED MALAY TO IMPROVED IN ECONOMIC SECTORS

MALAYAN COMMUNIST PARTY Ironically, in a Malay country like Malaya, the first political party was Malayan Communist Party (MCP). Dominated by Chinese immigrants and founded in Malaya at the total of Chinese in Malaya are 800,000 peoples. Directed by Chinese Communist Party (CCP). MCP is most famous for it role in Emergency in Malaya from

KESATUAN Melayu MUDA Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM) or Young Malays Union in was the first national political establishment in Malaya. Led by Ibrahim Yaakob who was the Malay teacher and played a huge role in founding the Malay union in1938 The main goal of the union was to unite all Malays regardless of origin and fight for Malay rights. Ibrahim Yaakob was one of the “Malay Reformation Group” members.

PATTERN OF NATIONALISM MOVEMENT BEFORE WORLD WARII Intellectual Political Parties Arms Struggled

SCENARIO AFTER 2 ND WORLD WAR A STRONG SENSE OF NATIONALISM AROSE DURING THE INTRODUCTION OF MALAYAN UNION BY THE BRITISH IN ETHNIC CONFLICT BETWEEN MALAYS AND CHINESE. BRITISH MILITARY ADMINISTRATION- temporarily government= Red Star incidents THE INTRODUCING OF MALAYAN UNION

RED STAR OVER MALAYA (AUGUST 1945) A resistance and social conflict among Malays and Chinese during and after Japanese occupation in Malaya. Malayan Communist Party’s guerrilla against Malays who was accused as a Japanese collaborators. They run the “ethnic cleaninsing” toward Malays

MALAYAN UNION A federation of Malay and Strait Settlement including Singapore. New administration system to ensure that the British economic interest in Malaya were protected. Repay kindness for the Chinese who was against Japanese and as a revenge for Malays who was support Japanese.

THE BIRTH OF UMNO The characteristic of Malayan Union was adversed the Malays especially the erosion of Malay rulers power and the granting of the right of citizenship to the imigran peoples on the principle of jus soli As a result of the Malays opposition of Malayan Union was the birth UMNO or united Malays National Organization (Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu) at 11 May 1946

INTER-RACIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE To encourage a solidarity and political cooperation among Malayan, Inter-Racial Relations Committee was founded in Members are: Dato’ Onn Jaafar. Tan Cheng Lock. E.E.C. Thuraisinggam

THE EMERGENCE OF ALLIANCE PARTY CONSIST OF THREE VERNACULAR PARTIES UMNO+MCA+MIC; MCA-MALAYAN CHINESE ASSOCIATION MIC-MALAYAN INDIAN CONGRESS UMNO-UNITED MALAYS NATIONAL ORGANIZATION THESE THREE PARTIES COMBINED TO CREATED A STRONGER UNION WHICH SUCCEED IN BRINGING UNITY AND GEETING THE STRENGTH AND SUPPORT FROM THE THREE BIGGEST COMMUNITIES IN THE COUNTRY.

ALLIANCE PARTY UMNOMCAMIC

… THESE COALITION PROVED TO BRITISH THAT MALAYAN PEOPLES CAN UNITED THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF ALLIANCE PARTY WAS FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE

PRACTICES INDEPENDENCE British AGREE TO GRANTED INDEPENDENCE THEREFORE AS PRACTICE TO INDEPENDENCE MUNICIPALITY ELECTION AT MOST MALAYAN TOWN SUCH AS Kuala Lumpur, PENANG, Johor. THE MEMBER SYSTEM (LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODY)WAS EXISTED IN which the local people are allowed to become heads of government in the central government.

1 ST FEDERAL ELECTION THE 1 ST FEDERAL ELECTION WAS HELD AT Alliance Party’s motto is “ Moving Towards Independence”. ALLIANCE PARTY WON 51 OUT OF 52 SEATS CONTEST. THESE RESULT SHOWN THE ALLIANCE WITH ITS COMBINATION UMNO, MCA AND MIC THAT REPRESENTED THE THREE BIGGEST COMMUNITIES HAD THE CONFIDENCE OF PEOPLES. TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTERA AL- HAJ WAS APPOINTED AS A FIRST MALAYAN CHIEF MINISTER

IN FEBRUARY 1956, TUNKU LED A TEAM TO LONDON TO NEGOTIATE FOR MALAYA INDEPENDENCE. A TEAM CONSISTED 4 REPRESENTATIVES OF MALAY RULERS AND 4 REPRESENTATIVES FROM ALLIANCE. A MALAYAN INDEPENDENCE NEGOTIATION WAS HELD IN THREE WEEKS, STARTED FROM 18 JANUARY TO 8 FEBRUARY. AT 8 FEBRUARY, THE LONDON AGREEMENT WAS SIGNED AND THE BRITISH PROMISED TO GRANT INDEPENDENCE IN CONDITION OF MALAYA HAVE TO SET UP A MALAYA’S NEW CONSTITUTION. BRITISH AGREED TO DECLARED THE MALAYAN INDEPENDENCE AT 31 OF AUGUST NEGOTIATIONS FOR INDEPENDENCE

THE FIRST PRIME MINISTER Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj 31 st August nd September 1970 Father of Independence

THE SECOND PRIME MINISTER Tun Abdul Razak 22 nd September January 1976 Father of Development

THE THIRD PRIME MINISTER Tun Hussein Onn 14 January July 1981 Father of Unity

THE FOURTH PRIME MINISTER Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad. 16 July st October 2003 Father of Modernisation

THE FIFTH PRIME MINISTER Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 31 st October April 2009 Father of Human Capital Development

THE CURRENT PRIME MINISTER Datuk Seri Mohd. Najib Tun Abd. Razak 3 April present