Review: AP World History Exam Section

Periodization Revolutions –Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution Industrialization –Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution Imperialism Continuities and Breaks –Need for raw materials (exploitations) –Coerced labor –Europe Dominating

Changes is Global Commerce, Communication and Technology PPMMMR Charts Small local industries destroyed by imported manufactured goods (ex. India) China and Japan forced open to trade Truly global trade, world linked but dependent Spreads from West to non-west (some specialization that will lead to industrialization like in Canada, Uruguay, South Africa) (profit returns to industrial nations) Mohammed Ali but not George Forman or Mike Tyson International division of labor

Relation between Science and Industry Cotton Flow Chart Steam Engine leads to lower prices Spinning jenny and flying shuttle lead to textile factories

Commonalities Industrialization begins with textiles Need for Steam and Iron Railroads and Canals needed (specifically the Suez Canal)

Demographic and Environmental Changes Imperialistic Settlers Jews out of Europe Indentured Servants to America, Ceylon, Malaya

Slave Trade Industrialization hinders the end of Slavery Atlantic Slave trade ends –Denmark 1792 –US 1807 (continue shipping but not to US) –Britain 1808 –Brazil 1830 (smuggles until 1850)

Demographic Changes Demographic Transition: Shifting patterns Mortality rate falls faster than birth rate so there is a population increase Demographic stability is achieved when birth rate also slows Voluntary birth control No major outbreaks of disease By % of population live in cities

Agricultural Revolution: New crops like peanuts (China and Africa) increase population Cash crops cause famine

Social and Gender Structure Urbanization Commercial Developments: Monopoly, Cartel, and Trust Abolition: women and free blacks are the force behind abolition. Reasons for ending slavery were humanitarian and economic. William Wilberforce, Frederick Douglass Brazil liberals want to end slavery on Enlightened ideals. Slavery ends for economic and democratic reasons. Carribbean Islands have small slave population, so its ending is not violent socially

Political Revolutions and Independence Movements American Revolution –Causes: beneficial neglect….. –Documents: Articles of Confederation…. –Effects: women rights…… French –Causes: social inequality…. –Documents: Declaration of Rights of Man…. –Effects: Napoleon…..

Haiti: –Causes: homeland rule….. –Documents: Enlightened writters –Results: successful slave revolt Latin America –Causes: Mercantilism….. –Documents: Constitution of Cortez…. –Results: few….

Things to think about Phases of Revolution Leaders Outside forces Long-term effects Who benefits Popular Sovereignty

Early 20 th Century Revolutions Mexico –Causes: neo-colonialism… –Stages: moderate, radical and counter- revolutionary… –Outcomes: Constitution of 1917….. China –Causes: imperialism and Nationalism –Stages: (Moderate Stage only Here) –Outcomes: corrupt government

Nationalism and Nation-States Rise of Nationalism –Napoleon –Congress of Vienna –Greece –Germany –Itlay Development of a Nation State assignment. Define Nation, State and Nation-State. Nationalism Readings (2)

Limitations Women Slaves Indigenous populations Racism Imerialism “Eventual Resolution of Problems”

Rise of the West Economic (industrialization, Mercantilism, Capitalism) Political (democracy) Social (growing middle class, mobility, westernization) Expansion; imperialism and colonialism Cultural and Artistic (Impressionism)

Monet: Impressionism

Two Tahitian Women with Mango Paul Gauguin The Moon and the Earth

Reaction to the West Russia (reform: Westernizes) India (resist: Mugal to Sepoy) Ottoman (reform: Young Turks) China (resist: Taiping and Boxer) Japan (reform: Meiji Restoration) Imperialism causes Nationalism in subservient countries

Diverse Interpretations Modernization is positive, it’s better for everyone so don’t resist. Accept science, accept enlightenment, accept industrialization, a free market. (Western Theory). Slave Emancipation Reasons: Fear Factor, Humanitarian Factor and Economic Factor. Women: should they have more rights because of their role in revolutions? Roles more defined. Settler colony more equality

Major Comparisons and Snapshots Compare Industrial Revolution in Western Europe and Japan Comparative Revolutions (see previous) Reaction to foreign domination in Ottoman, China, India and Japan (see previous) Comparative Nationalism Colonialism vs Neo-colonialism Upper women vs working class women