Conventional Oil Advantages Disadvantages High net energy yield Easily transported within and between countries Low land use Technology is well developed Efficient distribution system Need to find substitutes within 50 years Air pollution when burned Release carbon dioxide when burned Moderate water pollution

Oil Refining Petroleum or Crude Oil--- thick sludge Made of varying lengths of hydrocarbons Refining- takes the hydrocarbons and sorts them according to size and is chemically transformed a more useful form. Specialized fuels-heating, cooking and transportation Lubricating oils, asphalt, and precursors of plastics and other petrochemical products.

1970’s Oil Embargo Also called 1973 oil crisis OPEC- Organization of the Exporting Petroleum Exporting Countries- proclaim oil embargo US was supporting Israel with arms OAPEC predominate supplier to Industrial Nations Increased prices, disruption of NATO, recession (oil is power) decrease dependency on foreign oil $3 barrel to $12 a barrel (42 gallons of oil in a barrel) Lead to the Keystone Pipeline Project, drilling in Alaska debate

What to do to reduce dependence on foreign oil? Alaska Drilling Keystone Pipeline Advantages More oil Lessen dependence on foreign oil (7-24 mo) Income for Alaska budget Disadvantages Not enough Artic National Wildlife Refuge Possible oil spills Small chance for finding oil Advantages Easier access to oil from oil sands in Canada throughout N. America Add to Canadian income Disadvantages Huge amounts of toxic sludge Uses and contaminates ground water Environment distruction

What about improving fuel efficiency instead of looking for more oil? Improving gas mileage by 1 mile per gallon will do more than drilling in Alaska