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I. “Growth of Industrial Cities” p Define Urbanization Write three growth statistics that you found

Age of Industry Four “I”s –Ideas –Industry –Imperialism –Independence

Part I: Ideas and Independence

Bellwork Are people naturally good or evil? What are rights? Do human beings have natural rights? What are the pros and cons of monarchy? What are the pros and cons of democracy?

How to Make the Perfect Government

What are the pros and cons of monarchy?

Louis XIV  DATE AND PLACE: 1600s, France  IDEAL FORM OF GOV.: Absolute Monarchy, “I am the state”  REASONING: Divine Right  CAN THE PEOPLE BE TRUSTED? They are to obey. /sitebuilderpictures/louis-xiv-of-france.jpg

Absolute MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy The belief that the king gets his power from God and answers only to GodThe belief that the king gets his power from God and answers only to God

Are people naturally good or evil?

Thomas Hobbes  DATE AND PLACE: 1600s, England  IDEAL FORM OF GOV.:Monarchy  REASONING:governments are created to protect people from their own evil ways  State of Nature: bad  CAN THE PEOPLE BE TRUSTED? NO way!!! “... Perpetual and restless desire [for] power... That ceases only in death.”

Social Contract People give up rights to be protected by the monarch/King or QueenPeople give up rights to be protected by the monarch/King or Queen An agreement between ruler and subjectAn agreement between ruler and subject

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What are rights? Are they innate?

John Locke  DATE AND PLACE: 1600s, England  English philosophe  State of nature: good

Social ContractSocial Contract Gov is an agreement between people and rulerGov is an agreement between people and ruler –Gov protect citizen’s RIGHTS –People obey law –If gov does NOT protect citizen’s rights, it can be overthrown!!! Locke believed that people have natural, God given rights:Locke believed that people have natural, God given rights: –Life –Liberty –property

What are the pros and cons of democracy?

Rousseau  DATE AND PLACE:1700s, France  IDEAL FORM OF GOV.: Direct Democracy  State of nature: good  REASONING:people should rule themselves, and vote for every law. Any law not ratified by the people is “no law at all”  Against divine right- thought the power of the government comes from the people!  CAN THE PEOPLE BE TRUSTED? Yes.

Voltaire French philosopheFrench philosophe Believed in freedom of speech and religionBelieved in freedom of speech and religion Was against the slave tradeWas against the slave trade Many of his books were outlawed and burnedMany of his books were outlawed and burned

Consequences American Revolution French Revolution Latin American Revolutions

Summarizer Clarifier VisualizerQuestioner

Readings –Pg “The American Revolution”” paragraph 1 and 2 –Pg 538 “Crisis in France 1789” paragraph 1-2 –Pg 538 “Crisis in France 1789” paragraph 4 –Pg 538 “French Revolution: Radical and Authoritarian Phases”- paragraph 1 Summarizer 2-3 sentence summary explaining the most important parts of the reading Clarifier looks up 2 words AND definitions that are unclear to them and/or the group Visualizer Draws a picture that SHOWS the main point of the reading Questioner Writes and answers 2 types of questions about the reading How or Why question Who, what, when, where question

Bellwork Describe the political situation of Europe during the Post Classical period/ Middle Ages.

America: The Great Experiment

The Colonies Get Mad What events angered the colonists? Stamp Act Sugar Act Boston Massacre

Declaration of Independence “... They are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” What Enlightenment thinker did Jefferson borrow this from?

Thomas Jefferson wrote the “Declaration of Independence” and it was passed July 4, 1776.

- This lead to the Revolutionary War. -Ideas have CONSEQUENCES!!!

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

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I. The Old Regime Privileged Estates- –First Estate- CLERGY Owned 10% of land Gave 2% to Gov. –Second Estate- Rich Nobles About 2% of population Owned 20% of land Payed almost no taxes

The Third Estate- Everyone else Resented the upper estates

Disaster Looms Causes: Enlightenment Ideas –Words like equality, liberty, democracy were being used in the third estates –American Revolution inspired many Economic Woes –Heavy taxes weakened trade –1780s Famine doubled price of bread –King Louis XVI extravagant spending –Borrowed money to help Americans Weak Leader –Louis XVI more interested in hunting than governing –Queen Marie Antoinette spent lavishly –Faced bankruptcy –Tried to tax the Second Estate- Uh-oh... They called for a meeting of the ESTATES GENERAL with representatives from each of the three estates to solve the problem

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Storming the Bastille –Louis no longer trusted his soldiers. Called for Swiss mercenaries. –French citizens panicked –The Bastille was a Paris prison. –July 14, French citizens invaded and took control of the Bastiile- this became a symbol of the revolution

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Declaration of the Rights of Man –Like our Bill of Rights- Drafted by the National Assembly –inspired by Enlightenment ideas and Declaration of Independence. –Equal justice, freedom of speech, freedom of religion

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Maximilien Robespierre –Wipe out every trace of monarchy and nobility- decks of cards were even changed –Changed calendar- more “scientific” –Anti- Christian- No Sundays on the new calendar- they thought religion was dangerous Reign of Terror –To “protect” the revolution –Got ridiculous- former revolutionary leaders killed, kid who chopped down a “liberty” tree was killed –Up to 40,000 killed during this period

July National Convention had Robespierre guillotined. “Down with the tyrant!”

CONSEQUENCES OF A FAILED REVOLUTION

The French Revolution taught many countries that... Democracy and Freedom are dangerous. They lead to chaos!!!

Congress of Vienna Attempt to restore stability Protect monarchy Holy Alliance: Russia, Austria, Prussia- Stamp out revolutions Balance of power

Other Revolutions 1848 Revolutions –Attempt to bring democratic freedoms –Began in France –Spread to everywhere but Britain (fairly democratic already) and Russia (harsh and stomped out rebels) –Basically failed- Prussia and Austria-constitutions Haiti- Chapter 25 Latin America- Chapter 25

Bellwork Describe the economic situation in Post-Classical Europe. What is the Industrial Revolution? What comes to mind when you hear the term “Industrial Revolution”?

Essay Outline Analyze the similarities and differences between the American and French Revolutions during the late 18 th century. Write a thesis that designates 1 similarity, 1 difference, and 1 misc. Then write 3 DIRECT COMPARISONS. (These would be the opening sentences for the three body paragraphs.)

Russia: Absolutism or Enlightened? Handout Lesson learned?

Industry: The 2 nd “I”

Bellwork Reflect on Friday’s activity. What caused the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution Making the world more efficient

The 3 factors leading to Industry: Factor #1 Factor # 1 :Agriculture innovations –New methods of farming and new ways to set up farms

Farming Innovators Charles Townsend ~ emphasized the need for crop rotation to get better use of the soil Jethro Tull ~ created the seed drill to ensure even plantings.

Enclosure Movement Several methods of enclosure proved popular, including growing hedges or putting up stone walls or wooden fences.

The Enclosure Movement Enclosure Movement. In the second half of the 17th century, the English gentry (landowners) passed the Enclosure Acts, prohibiting peasants’ access to common lands and fencing it off to gain more pastures for animals.

List some causes of the population boom.

Factor # 2: Population Boom Factor # 2 : A Population Explosion throughout the world –Famine, war, and disease were common in Europe –these three problems began to be reduced significantly

Reasons for Population Boom 1.Advances in medicine, such as inoculation against smallpox 2.Improvements in sanitation 3.An increase in the food supply meant fewer famines and epidemics, especially as transportation improved 4.The elimination of the Black Rat

What new energy sources were crucial for industry?

Factor # 3: Energy Revolution

Steam Engine As technology developed, the steam engine was born and became the MOST IMPORTANT tool for new industry. Pros and Cons

The NEED to create STEAM Steam = water + heat In order to create machines that could take the extensive heat-IRON

COAL

Steam Locomotive: How will this change life?

Steam Ships Steam ships also helped improve shipping on rivers and oceans.

First to Industrialize The Importance of Textiles

The Domestic or “Putting Out” System

The Spinning Jenny Hargreaves’s machine

Why Britain? Great Britain’s advantages:

Britain leads the way, but many will follow Great Britain’s advantages: Plentiful iron and coal A navigable river system A strong economy, providing merchants with capital to invest in new enterprises Colonies that supplied raw materials and bought finished goods A government that encouraged improvements in transportation and used its navy to protect British trade

I. “Growth of Industrial Cities” p Define Urbanization Write three growth statistics that you found

EVERY PERSON MATTERS Two parents 4 grandparents Estimate 1 generation every 20 years. Total # direct “grandparents” in 1000 AD: 1,125,899,906,842,624 Total World Population 1000 AD: 345,000,000 That means the number of ancestors you have is more than 3million times the number of people that were even alive.

Essay Outline Analyze the similarities and differences between the economy in Post Classical and Industrial Europe. Write a thesis that designates 1 similarity, 1 difference, and 1 misc. Then write 3 DIRECT COMPARISONS. (These would be the opening sentences for the three body paragraphs.)

CHANGES WAYS OF LIFE NOTES

Predict Changes Political (think locally and globally) Economic Social

With Industry, comes life changes Industrial Revolution Growth of Cities Change in the political World~ A rise of colonies Change in class system

I. “Growth of Industrial Cities” p Define Urbanization Write three growth statistics that you found

Unpaved streets No drains Heaps of garbage Dark, filthy Cholera Avg lifespan in one city (working class) - 17 years old

Tenements

Working Conditions

Class Tensions Middle Class –Skilled workers, professionals, business people, etc. –Not poor, not rich Upper- doctors, lawyers, gov employees Lower- factory overseers, toolmakers, drafters, printers

Luddites –Were losing their livelihoods to machines –Began a revolt by destroying machines

Capitalism Freedom + economics If I own a business….

MORE IDEAS CAPITALISM Enlightenment Thinker: Adam Smith Wealth of Nations Thought economies should run without government interference- laissez-faire Based on COMPETITION Freedom of businesses w/o government interference

In what ways is the United States NOT purely Capitalistic? Examples!!!

Barron’s 5 th edition AP WORLD Kaplan

Today we will play Rock, Paper, Scissors Stand in two lines facing each other.Stand in two lines facing each other. Three rounds. Winner takes one token. If you run out of tokens, sit down.Three rounds. Winner takes one token. If you run out of tokens, sit down. Regroup in two lines facing each other.Regroup in two lines facing each other. Three rounds. Winner takes one token. If you run out of tokens, sit down.Three rounds. Winner takes one token. If you run out of tokens, sit down. If you lose: Answer the following questions  How did you feel at the start of the game?  How did you feel when you ran out of tokens?  What tactics could you have used to get back in the game? Why didn’t you do try those tactics?  Was this game fair? Why?  What could I have done to make the game fair? Should I have done this? Why?

Idea: Socialism Socialism argues that the people as a whole/government, rather than individuals, should own and operate the “means of production” Socialism grew out of Enlightenment ideas Socialism redistributes money to people through the government (usually through higher taxes) Socialism does not agree with capitalism

Idea: Communism Karl Marx

New Ways of Thinking… The “Scientific Socialism” of Karl Marx In Marx and Engles published The Communist Manifesto They created Communism, a form of socialism that sees class struggles between employers and employees as inevitable…. Communism is also known as Marxism

New Ways of Thinking The “Scientific Socialism” of Karl Marx According to Marx, history was the struggle between the “haves” and “have-nots” “Haves”= Middle class (bourgeoisie) “Have-Nots”= Proletariat (working class) Marx despised capitalism! Thought it should be destroyed “Working men of all countries; UNITE”!!

WORKERS WOULD TAKE OVER FACTORIES. ALL WEALTH EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED. Think “Community-ism”- the community shares wealth.

New Ways of Thinking The “Scientific Socialism” of Karl Marx He believed that the misery of the working class would create a world revolution Marx thought all working men would unite under the communist causes Who is Communist today? –China –Cuba –North Korea What’s wrong with it?

Mary Wallstonecraft Feminist thinker Argued that “rights” and “equality” should apply to women AND men