Part V: Adolescence Chapter 11 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Anne Frank, Diarist of the Holocaust Anne Frank’s diary, kept while her family was in hiding from the Nazis, is one of the most famous accounts by victims of the Holocaust during World War II. It reveals the thoughts, feelings, and mood swings of an adolescent coming to maturity under traumatic conditions. The story of her tragically abbreviated adolescence points up the insistent role of biology and its interrelationships with inner and outer experience.

Adolescence: A Developmental Transition What is adolescence, when does it begin and end, and what opportunities and risks does it entail?

Puberty: The End of Childhood How Puberty Begins Timing, Sequence, and Signs of Maturation  Adolescent Growth Spurt  Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics  Signs of Sexual Maturity: Sperm Production and Menstruation spermarche: boy’s first ejaculation menarche: girl’s first menstruation

Physical and Mental Health Physical Fitness Sleep Needs

Physical and Mental Health Nutrition and Eating Disorders  Obesity  Body Image and Eating Disorders anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa

What’s Your View? Can you suggest ways to reduce the prevalence of eating disorders?

Physical and Mental Health Use and Abuse of Drugs  Risk Factors for Drug Abuse  Gateway Drugs

Trends in Adolescent Drug Use

Physical and Mental Health Depression Death in Adolescence  Deaths from Vehicle Accidents and Firearms  Suicide

Checkpoint: Can you… Checkpoint: Can you… Discuss factors affecting gender differences in adolescent depression? Name the three leading causes of death among adolescents, and discuss the dangers of firearm injury? Assess risk and protective factors and prevention programs for teenage suicide?

Aspects of Cognitive Maturation Piaget’s Stage of Formal Operations  Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning  Evaluating Piaget’s Theory Language Development

Aspects of Cognitive Maturation Elkind: Immature Characteristics of Adolescent Thought 1. Idealism and criticalness 2. Argumentativeness 3. Indecisiveness 4. Apparent hypocrisy 5. Self-consciousness imaginary audience 6. Specialness and invulnerability personal fable

Aspects of Cognitive Maturation Moral Reasoning: Kohlberg’s Theory  Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages Level I: Preconventional morality Level II: Conventional morality Level III: Postconventional morality  Evaluating Kohlberg’s Theory Family Influences Validity for Women and Girls Cross-cultural Validity

Educational and Vocational Issues What influences affect school success, and why do some students drop out?

Educational and Vocational Issues Influences on School Achievement  Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Academic Motivation  Use of Time  Socioeconomic Status and the Family Environment  Parental Involvement and Parenting Styles  School Factors

Educational and Vocational Issues Dropping Out of High School Educational and Vocational Planning  Influences on Students’ Aspirations  Guiding Students Not Bound for College  Should High School Students Work Part Time?

Practically Speaking Preventing Teenage Suicide

Window on the World The Dialect of Adolescence What’s Your View? Can you remember “pubilect” expressions from your own adolescence? When and why did you use such expressions? What was their effect on others your age? On adults?