WWI: “Slaughter of the Finest”

Focus Questions for the Title Page 1.What does the title of this activity, “Slaughter of the Finest” mean? 2. Describe the image on the front. What is he doing? How does he look? Is he happy? Sad? Excited? Why do you think this is?

x351/Archduke_ferdinand.jpg Document 1 Document 1 Focus Questions: 1.What is happening to the people in the car? 2. What event is this picture illustrating? 3. What will start because of this event?

Document 2 Focus Questions: 1.What was the ”Crime of the Ages?” 2.How does this cartoon illustrate the chain of events that started WWI? 3. What is the significance of the pointing finger in the top land hand corner? 4. What does the cartoonist imply was the main cause of the war? Document 2

Document 3 Focus Questions: 1.What countries are in the Triple Entente? 2. What countries are in the Central Powers? 3. What countries are neutral? 4. Which side did the U.S. support? Document 3

/Chain%20of%20Friendship%20WWI.jpg Document 4 Document 4 Focus Questions: 1.The cartoonist is implying that a major cause of WWI was the ___________ (political, military, alliance. national) system between countries. 2. Why does the author portray them all going downhill?

10.wikispaces.com/file/view/img0789.jpg/ /img0789.jpg Document 5 Document 5 Focus Questions: 1. What are all of the soldiers doing to the balloon? Why? 2. Who does the balloon represent? 3. Which one of the causes of WWI (Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Economics) is this cartoon illustrating?

anch%C3%A9es.jpg Document 6 Document 5 Focus Questions: 1.Where are the men? 2. What are the men doing? 3. What are some of the problems that they would encounter in this environment?

TA7qH.png Document 7 Document 7 Focus Questions: 1.What are the men wearing? 2. What is the cloud around the men? 3. What would happen If they didn’t wear they weren’t covered?

“German gas is heavier than air and soon fills the trenches and dugouts, where it has been known to lurk for two or three days, until the air is purified by means of large chemical sprayers. We had to work quickly, as Fritz [The German soldiers] generally follows the gas with an infantry attack. A company man on our right was too slow in getting on his helmet; he sank to the ground, clutching at his throat, and after a few spasmodic twistings, went West (died). It was horrible to see him die, but we were powerless to help him… In the corner of a traverse, a little, muddy cur dog, one of the company's pets, was lying dead, with his two paws over his nose. It's the animals that suffer the most, the horses, mules, cattle, dogs, cats, and rats, they having no helmets to save them. Tommy does not sympathize with rats in a gas attack. At times, gas has been known to travel, with dire results, fifteen miles behind the lines. A gas, or smoke helmet, as it is called, at the best is a vile-smelling thing, and it is not long before one gets a violent headache from wearing it. Our eighteen-pounders were bursting in No Man's Land, in an effort, by the artillery, to disperse the gas clouds. The trench started to wind like a snake, and sandbags appeared to be floating in the air. The noise was horrible; I sank onto the fire step, needles seemed to be pricking my flesh, then blackness…” References: Empey, Arthur Guy, Over The Top (1917); Lloyd, Alan, The War In The Trenches (1976). "Gas Attack, 1916," Eye Witness to History, eyewitnesstohistory.com (1999). Document 8 Document 8 Focus Questions: 1.Describe the effects of gas on people and animals. 2. How far did the gas travel? 3. What are the side effects of wearing a smoke helmet? 4. How would the use of chemical warfare change the rules of war forever?

ds/6/7/6/0/ / _orig.jpg _884c24d2f2_z.jpg?zz=1 WorldWarIISubmarinesBri/images/IMG_6097_ s2a.jpg content/uploads/2012/02/usaargonnetank.jpg Document 9

Document 9 Focus Questions: 1.How did the airplane change modern warfare? 2. Which one of the weapons in document 9 was responsible for the highest number of deaths in WWI? 3. Why was the submarine considered “underhanded” or dishonorable at the beginning of WWI? 4. How did the tank change combat?

Document 10 Document 10 Focus Questions: 1. Brown rats were as large as cats. One rat could produce as many as 900 babies. What problems could they create for soldiers in the trenches? Document 10 Focus Questions: 2.Another problem was the “trench foot.” on the right. What would cause this condition? 3. How would they cure it?

We are glad... to fight thus for the ultimate peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples.... We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities [compensation ] for ourselves.... President Woodrow Wilson, 1917 Document 11 Document 11 Focus Questions: 1.Why does President Wilson say the U.S. is entering WWI? 2. Which side did the U.S. fight for?

The high contracting parties, in order to promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security... agree to this Covenant of the League of Nations. —Covenant of the League of Nations, December 1924 Document 12 Document 12 Focus Questions: 1.Name the 2 goals of the League of Nations. 2. Why wasn’t it successful? 3. What organization took its place in 1945?

“A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the claims of the government whose title is to be determined.” ■President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, 1918 Document 13 Document 13 Focus Questions: 1.What two factors does President Wilson believe should be considered equally when determining colonial claims? 2. What does sovereignty mean?

Mapping the Treaty of Versailles Textbook page 696 Document 14

Document 14 Focus Questions : 1. How did Western Europe change between ? 2.How did Eastern Europe change between ? 3. What empire disappeared in 1920?