Do Now! What is matter? What are the four states of matter? Compare the states of matter.

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space(volume) Solid, liquid, gas(vapor) Plasma - Ionized gas where the electrons are free from the atoms or molecules, but coexist

SOLID GAS LIQUID

DO NOW: Compare physical and chemical changes. What are examples of each? What are examples of physical properties?

Physical Change Alters a given material without changing its composition What are some examples??? Physical Properties Observed without changing the substance’s composition Examples: Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, magnetic

Chemical Changes A new substance is formed What is evidence that a chemical change has occurred?

Law of conservation of mass Mass is neither created nor destroyed; it is conserved. When ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) breaks down explosively, if forms nitrogen gas (N 2 ), oxygen gas (O 2 ), and water (H 2 O). When 40 g of ammonium nitrate explode, 14 grams of nitrogen and 8 grams of oxygen are formed. How many grams of water are formed?

Physical or Chemical Change? 1. Iron rusts 2. Sodium hydroxide dissolves in water 3. A pellet of sodium is sliced in two 4. Water is change to steam 5. Grass grows 6. A tire is inflated 7. Food is digested 8. Ice Melts 9. Milk Sours CPPPCPCPCCPPPCPCPC

Matter ElementCompound HeterogeneousHomogeneous Mixtures- contains more than one material Pure substances – contains only one type of matter

Classify the following as element, compound, homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture Chlorine, soil, water, sugar water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, rocky road ice cream, alcohol, pure air, iron, milk

Classify the following samples of matter Table Salt (NaCl) Salt water Sand and paper clips Sand and water Water How can you separate the components of the sample?

Chromatography Used to separate and identify mixtures that are colored or can be colored One type is Paper Chromatography Stationary phase and Mobile phase Capillary Action? Ex: Paper and Solvent

Capillary Action

What is temperature? What scales do we use to measure it?

The temperature of an object determines the direction of energy transfer. Warmer object Cooler object

Temperature Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles Use a thermometer – scale arbitrary Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

History Daniel Fahrenheit arbitrarily decided that the freezing and boiling points of water would be separated by 180 degrees and he pegged freezing water at 32 degrees. So he made a thermometer, stuck it in freezing water, and marked the level of the mercury on the glass as 32 degrees. Then he stuck the same thermometer in boiling water and marked it 212 degrees. He then put 180 evenly spaced marks between those two points. Anders Celsius arbitrarily decided that the freezing and boiling points of water would be separated by 100 degrees and he pegged the freezing point of water at 0 degrees, and the boiling point at 100 degrees.

Can the temperature drop below 0ºC? If temperature is zero or negative, how does that correspond to kinetic energy? Use Kelvin scale: ºC = K Lowest theoretical temperature 0 K = -273 ºC

Convert… A) 55ºC to K B) 123 K to ºC C) -34ºC to K