Chapter 18 Psychological Disorders. x -Psychological disorders- Behavior patterns or mental processes that causes serious personal suffering or interfere with ability to cope with life. The key is that people with psychological disorders differ little from "normal" people. What is different is a simple exaggeration of certain behaviors or mental processes. (1st 3 minutes)

Symptoms of Psychological Disorders YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND....THIS ISN'T EBOLA!!!! DIAGNOSING A MENTAL ILLNESS IS NOT ALWAYS SIMPLE AND STRAIGHTFORWARD!!!!!! 1. Typicality- How common is this behavior or mental process in society. NOTE: MENSA 2. Maladaptivity- It impairs your ability to function in everyday life. A. Behavior that causes misery and distress B. Behavior harmful to yourself or others BUT just because you commit a violent crime... it does NOT mean you have a mental illness!!! 3. Emotional Discomfort- such things as anxiety, depression Socially Unacceptable Behavior- Some societies will not accept certain behaviors. x-culture-bound syndrome- Figure 18.1 page

Classifying Psychological Disorders How do you know someone has a mental disorder? The DSM of course!!!!!!! DSM- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -Currently on the DSM-5. -There are 20 categories of disorders. -Until 1980, the DSM-III, the causes were presumed! In the DSM-III the causes must be observable signs or symptoms.

18.2 Anxiety Disorder x- anxiety- General state of dread or uneasiness that occurs in response to a vague or imagined danger. THIS IS DIFFERENT THAN FEAR! HOW? anxiety characterized by nervousness, inability to relax, and concern about losing control. Physical signs and symptoms: trembling sweating rapid heart rate shortness of breath increased blood pressure flushed face faint light-headed -Anxiety before a ball game or a test is certainly okay. Its an appropriate response to the situation. -When that anxiety is always present or out of proportion with the situation that it is a problem.

The old DSM-IV R stuff.

Phobic Disorder A phobia is a fear. x-simple phobia-Persistent, excessive or irrational fear of a particular object or situation. For it to be a MENTAL DISORDER it must interfere with everyday life. x-social phobia- Persistent fear of social situations where you could be scrutinized. (public speaking, eating in public, dating.....)

18.3 Dissociative Disorders This is a difficult one. Dissociation is normal when you are watching tv or a movie and don't hear your name called. Dissociation occurs in driving in numerous ways. x-dissociation- Separation of certain personality components or mental processes from conscious thought.

18.4 Somatoform Disorders x-somatization-Expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms. These people have psychological problems like depression or anxiety. BUT they also have inexplicable physical symptoms as well such as pain or even paralysis. A. Somatic Symptom Disorder

B. Hypochondriasis has become illness anxiety disorder

18.5 Mood Disorders x-Depression- Typically involve feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, great sadness. Rating.pdf No exclusion for bereavement in the DSM-5 A. Depression

B. Bipolar Disorder

Schizophrenia -C onsidered the most serious of psych. disorders. -Usually marked by a loss of contact with reality. -Very difficult to treat and worsens over time. Symptoms: Delusions -delusions of grandeur-Believe they are famous. -delusions of persecution-Believe they are being pursued. hallucinations disorganized speech and behaviors. It is relatively rare (0.5-1%) of the population of the world.

Types of schizophrenia catatonia (DSM-IV)

Treatment of schizophrenia