Net Out-Migration › Asia › Africa › Latin America Net In-Migration  North America  Europe  Oceania **The 3 largest flows are from: Asia→Europe Asia→N.A. L.A.→N.A. Obvious Pattern?

 Before 1500, global migration occurred haphazardly (complete map of continents not until 1800s) › Spices, fame, exploration

Fig. 3-3: Net migration per 1,000 population. The U.S. has the largest number of immigrants, but other developed countries also have relatively large numbers.

 USA has largest # of migrants but NOT highest % (10%) › 25% of Australians, 17% of Canadians › Highest % of immigrants can be found in the Middle East (about ½ of pop.)  UAE 90%, Kuwait 70%+  Due to oil fields and job availability

 3 main eras of immigration 1. Colonial immigration from England & Africa th Century immigration from Europe 3. Recent immigration from LDCs ** Although origins vary, reasons for migration have remained the same; rapid pop. growth vs. employment opportunities *Stage 2

 From Europe & Africa (voluntary vs. forced) › 90% of those from Europe (pre-1840) from UK  Africans as slaves made illegal 1808, but ¼ million brought after this › By 1790, there were 2.5 million African slaves in the Americas › 19% of US population was black (12% now)

 Surge of European immigrants › Ireland/Germany; economic push factors  1860s decline (Civil war), another peak in 1880s › Still Irish/German, now Scandinavian countries as I.R. spread here & people wanted more land  (peak 1907) › 90% still European, but from different countries; Italy, Russia, Austria-Hungary – coincides with I.R’s reach

 Sharp decline in immigration during years of great depression and WWII (1930s & 40s)  Emmigration #s higher than immigration  Asia; leading source 1970s-1980s until overtaken by L.A.  China, Philippines, India & Vietnam 1990s & 2000s  L.A.; Mexico has sent over 8 million immigrants  1990/1 highest immigration levels ever

Fig. 3-4: Most migrants to the U.S. were from Europe until the 1960s. Since then, Latin America and Asia have become the main sources of immigrants.

 Estimated that between 7-20 million undocumented immigrants living in US, mainly from L.A. (+350,000/yr) › Enter as students/tourists then don’t leave › Cross border illegally

 Broken Lives – BBC Broken Lives – BBC  One Story One Story  Trailer Trailer  Donald Trump Donald Trump

 More than ½ of immigrants to US clustered in 4 states  California  New York  Florida  Texas  Used to be coastal states (arrive by ship), now most immigrants arrive via car/plane  Certain states attract ppl from certain countries (see map)  Post 9/11 impacts?

Fig. 3-8: California is the destination of about 25% of all U.S. immigrants; another 25% go to New York and New Jersey. Other important destinations include Florida, Texas, and Illinois.

 Canada takes in 50% more immigrants per capita than USA  40% of Canadian immigrants come from Asia, a much higher % from Europe compared to US and much lower % from L.A.  Toronto, Montreal & Vancouver  Currently about 250,000 immigrants/year