Week 6 Tuesday Sept 1 st Leadership Theories Presented by Darren Sinead Alicia Hannah Celeste Leanne (no children were harmed in the making of this presentation)

Dr Jenny Lane (2009)

Presentation Outline Leadership models 2. Glasser – Choice Theory Presented by Hannah 1. Dreikurs – Democratic Principles Presented by Leanne

5. A “Leadership Theories” Quiz Presented by Darren 4. Rogers – Positive Behaviour Presented by Sinead and Alicia 3. Ginott – Democratic Principles Presented by Celeste

Presentations will Cover the main points of the theorist Explore some meaningful ideas for use in the classroom Look at some of the shortcomings Provide case studies to promote discussion.

Democratic Discipline Model

“..each child needs encouragement like a plant needs water. Without it, his growth is stunted and his potential sapped.” Dinkmeyer & Dreikers (1963) P103 Porter

Main Ideas Students need to belong Students are responsible for their behaviour Students misbehave to achieve their need to belong – mistaken goals Logical and natural consequences flow from behaviour

Mistaken Goals Attention seeking – positive and negative Power – refusing to do what the teacher wants Revenge – behave cruelly Withdrawal

Create a Sense of Belonging Mutual respect Teacher and students create class rules and logical consequences together Encouragement vs Praise Classroom discussions

What to Do Stay calm Identify the mistaken goal Look at the behaviour not the student Question the student to highlight their motive

Shortcomings There are more than 4 goals driving human behaviour Analysing behaviour is based on how it makes you feel Duty of care

How would Dreikers use his model in this situation? from the “Teaching with Bayley” series.

Respect - Did the students and teacher respect each other? Class Rules and discussion about behaviour – Was there any reference to expected behaviour? What was the goal of the students misbehaving? Encouragement – Some students were behaving in a positive manner?

What This Means Add a strong statement that summarizes how you feel or think about this topic Summarize key points you want your audience to remember

Next Steps Summarize any actions required of your audience Summarize any follow up action items required of you

Choice Theory

The behavioural choices individuals make at any time are determined by their ability to satisfy the five basic psychological needs: survival, belonging, power, freedom and fun. Once teachers assist students in meeting these basic psychological needs, students will choose to demonstrate appropriate behaviour. Students should accept responsibility for their behaviour; the only person whose behaviour we can control is our own.

Within a classroom a teacher would not act as a ‘boss’, but rather as a leader or facilitator, supporting students and helping them to make better choices. Consequences should be discussed with, understood and accepted by the student. Enforcing clear and logical consequences for misbehaviour renders students safe and accountable for their actions.

Through encouraging self-awareness, teachers should prepare students for the ‘real-world’ by promoting interpersonal skills. Teachers should aim to present a kind and caring attitude to students and promote a safe and respectful classroom where students can have fun and a sense of belonging.

Offering students a degree of freedom and choice in what is learnt and by what means learning will take place, should result in students having some ownership over learning tasks, thereby decreasing the likelihood of misbehaviours occurring.

Shortcomings of Glasser’s theory Difficult to implement on a large scale basis. Original work focused on juvenile offenders, not school students and therefore was not created to deal with small-scale classroom management issues such as walking around the room and talking (Manning & Bucher 39).

Regarding cultural diversity, some children of Asian parents are taught to adopt the views of their parents and not formulate their own views. Hence they may be made to feel uncomfortable with being asked to make choices about their behaviour.

How could Choice Theory be used in this situation? from the “Teaching with Bayley” series.

Democratic Principles Model

Principles: Ginott Communication is key. Exercise self-discipline. The one true, genuine discipline. Avoid punishment. Model appropriate behaviour. Respect the child’s right to their feelings and opinion.

Principles: Ginott Be brief & succinct. In communicating discipline, anger or praise always address the situation and not the student’s character. Use I-messages not you-messages. Be solution-orientated.

When considering the ideas of Ginott, use this short video clip as a presentation case study. from the “Teaching with Bayley” series.

Ginott: Further Principles Exercise self-discipline. The one true discipline. Avoid pre-judging others. Send sane-messages. Be solution-orientated. Avoid Why-questions Use I-messages. Communication is key

Limitations: Ginott This approach requires: That the teacher themself have self-respect and is able to exercise self-discipline. That the teacher is willing to have themself upheld as the model for appropriate classroom behaviour, which requires the teacher to have clearly defined values and an appropriate style of communication.

Limitations: Ginott That the teacher understands this method of discipline promotes understanding and individual respect, but it only works with a teacher who is fully aware of their class, who is organised and prepared to curb unwanted behaviour immediately.

“Whatever creates self-esteem is to be fostered… [and]… whatever generates hate [to] be avoided.”. “Good discipline is a series of little victories in which a teacher, through small decencies reaches a child’s heart.” (Ginott, 1972, p. 148)

Positive Behaviour Leadership

Positive Behaviour: Focus on and nurture positive student behaviour = decreased inappropriate behaviour. Expect positive behaviour = Received positive behaviour Leadership : Leads students into positive behaviour. 1.Rules 2.Role model 3.Students as positive leaders What is positive behaviour?

Student Behaviour Agreement

Preventative Strategies Establish clear rules Establish consequences Develop a positive classroom tone Adopt a decisive teaching style Plan Plan Plan

Corrective Strategies Least intrusive to most intrusive Just consequences are more effective

Facilitating Student Development Social Development Moral Development Affective Development Cognitive Development

Shortcomings of Positive Behaviour Leadership Use in whole class situation Child anomalies Diagnostic approach

House - Conclusion Rights

Classroom Atmosphere

Consequences

Rules

Now here’s Darren with the Quiz!

1). Which of these is a central idea to Dreikers Discipline Model. b) Students need to isolated when there is a chance they will misbehave a) Students need to belong c) Students need to disrupt the class d) Students need to withdraw from class activities Dreikers Discipline Model

2). In what ways can we as teachers create a sense of belonging? b) Work with students to create class rules and logical consequences a) Develop a mutual respect c) Provide Encouragement vs Praise d) Include everyone in classroom discussions Dreikers Discipline Model

Glasser Choice Theory 3). Whose behaviour is the only behaviour we can ultimately control? b) Our lecturers. a) Our students. c) Our husbands or wives. d) Our own.

Glasser Choice Theory 4). Glasser suggests a teacher’s main role in the classroom is to act as? b) An Educator a) A friend c) A leader or facilitator d) An animated cartoon

Ginott Democratic Principles 5). What does Ginott suggest as a fundamental principle for teachers to use in a classroom? b) Be brief and succinct a) Communication c) Respect the child’s right to their feelings and opinions. d) Teachers autocratic rule. X

Ginott Democratic Principles 6). Of these messages, which would Ginott prefer teachers to use. b) I know you can do this better. You cannot seriously expect me to mark an assignment of this standard? a) You have got to be kidding me, that is a ridiculous answer. c) You are not the only person in the classroom. d) I would like to begin.

Rogers - Positive Behaviour Leadership 7). What would be considered the least intrusive corrective strategy. b) Restraining violent behaviour a) Redirecting by questioning c) Tactical ignoring. d) Placing in time out.

Rogers - Positive Behaviour Leadership 8). What is central to a good Student Behaviour Agreement b) The right to learn, be safe and respect. a) Class rules c) Responsibilities d) Consequences

Thanks for your time. Hope to see you at Very Soon!