1 Power Orientation (MACH) Questionnaire Results Fall 09 Previous Fall 09 Previous

Attributions Attributions l Perceived causes of behavior l Major concern: whether caused by internal or external factors (i.e., Due to the individual’s personality or the environment elicits the behavior)

Common Attributional Errors l Fundamental Attribution Error »We Perceive others’ behaviors as more Internally caused than they are l Self-Serving Bias »We perceive our own: –Success as Internal –Failure as External

Values and Attitudes Values and Attitudes l Values (Basic Convictions – What is right, good, desirable) »General - Contain many attitudes »e.g., Conservative, Liberal, etc. l Attitudes (Beliefs, Assumptions) »Evaluative judgments focused on specific objects, concepts »e.g., Attitude toward welfare payments

l Terminal Values »Desired Goals »e.g., World Peace, Happiness, Freedom, True Friendship, Equality, Family Security l Instrumental Values »Means of Achieving Terminal Values »e.g., Ambition, Politeness, Self-Reliance, Honesty, Cheerfulness, Open-Mindedness Types of Values

Attitudes: The ABC Model Attitudes: The ABC Model l Affect »Feelings for an object l Behavioral Intentions »How one would like to act toward it l Cognition »Beliefs about it

Attitudes: Job Satisfaction Attitudes: Job Satisfaction l Percent “Satisfied”: »Switzerland-- 82 »Canada »U.S »Japan (Many other countries > U.S.)

Attitudes: Job Satisfaction Attitudes: Job Satisfaction l Doesn’t always lead to high performance lDepends on: lRewards lSupervision lOther Environmental Factors l Correlates negatively with: lTurnover lAbsenteeism lTheft l Correlates positively with: lAge lJob Level

Attitude Change Techniques Attitude Change Techniques l Persuasion »Cognition -> Behavior l Conditioning »Affective -> Cognition -> Behavior l Cognitive Dissonance Production »Behavior -> Cognition -> Affective (Based on the assumption that people are motivated to protect their self-concepts. This requires a perceived consistency among the three components.) (Based on the assumption that people are motivated to protect their self-concepts. This requires a perceived consistency among the three components.)

Emotions l The “affect” part of attitudes, but also may exist without any cognitive companion l May be positive or negative l Difficult to control l Impact work performance l Many learned through conditioning process