Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development of Ages 18-25 Chapter 19 MarianaKennyDanaKymoneGuernise.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Moving Toward Adulthood
Advertisements

Getting Involved Ch Getting Together: The Search for Intimate Possibilities Beginning Where You Are Hanging Out and Hooking Up.
Marriage Fact and Fiction.
Chapter 14 Divorce and Remarriage
Annette Krawczyk Professor Anne-Marie Yerks English Composition 106 Online 30 November 2010.
Chapter 19– Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development
The Journey Of Adulthood, 6/e Helen L. Bee & Barbara R. Bjorklund Chapter 6 SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS.
Prepared by Dr. Hoda Abdel Azim
Bell Ringer #4 Textbook page 232 List and describe the 8 keys to planning for a successful future.
Chapter 18 & 19 Early Adulthood: Cognitive Development
Contemporary Adolescence Love and Sexuality. Love relationship sequence Same-gender groups go to places in hopes to find opposite-gender groups Social.
Family and Parenting  Analyzing Family Life  The Diversity of Adult Life Styles  Parenting  Other Family Relationships.
The Adult in Society Chapter 7 Pgs
19 - Emerging Adulthood Psychosocial Development
 Some sociologists say that only 10 percent of contemporary marriages are truly monogamous.  In western countries, serial monogamy is practised (marriage.
The Self-Concept.
Dual Income Why and How to Make it Work Balancing Work and Family.
MARRIAGES, INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS & SOCIETY Unit 3 – Chapter 6.
ADULTHOOD (19 – 65) Adulthood is the period when the individual has achieved physical maturity. Compulsory education has finished and the young adult.
Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development
Leaving Home – ► Reasons:  Independence (job, friends…)  School - Education  Marriage/co-habitation  Military  Missionary Service.
Chapter 19: Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved.
DATING & MARRIAGE. DATING  Romance in Adolescence  Dexter Dunphy described the sequence of male-female relationships: 1.Groups of friends 2.A loose.
Adult Development AP Psychology. Core Concept Nature and nurture continue to produce changes throughout life, but in adulthood these chances include both.
FAMILY LIFE CYLCE Child Development Stage 1 Singles/ Individuals Stage 2 Marriage Stage 3 Childbearing Stage 4 Parenting Stage 5 Launching/ Teens Stage.
Kathleen Stassen Berger Prepared by Madeleine Lacefield Tattoon, M.A. 1 Part V Adolescence: Psychosocial Development Chapter Sixteen Identity Relationships.
Relationships Types of Relationships Benefits of Relationships Healthy vs. Unhealthy Dating Marriage.
Marriage and Parenting
Lesson 3 Marriage and Parenting Couples in a marriage are able to share togetherness and give each other support in hard times as well as good times.
Adulthood: Psychosocial Development How will marriage, divorce, children and coping with your parents affect you?
Educational Psychology Chapter 3 – Personal, Social and Emotional Development.
Chapter 20 Warm- Up Why do most teens experience puberty at different times, and at different paces than their peers?
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Adulthood You will know you are really an ADULT when….
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Being Single Preview.
Chapter 15 Families. Chapter Outline Defining the Family Comparing Kinship Systems Sociological Theory and Families Diversity Among Contemporary American.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Infants, Children, and Adolescents Chapter 17 Emerging Adulthood.
Adolescence to Adulthood. Inborn temperament traits often are described in opposites – Optimistic or pessimistic – Independent or dependent – Emotional.
Chapter 10: Adult Relationships. Friendships « Adult Process acquaintanceship buildup continuation deterioration ending.
CHAPTER 4 Adolescence. THEORIES OF ADOLESCENCE  G. Stanley Hall (1904): Adolescence as transitional stage, great “storm and stress”  Margaret Mead (1935):
Romantic love- attraction and idealizing one another (found in most societies) – Role of love differs from one society to another – Western life seen as.
MARRIAGES, INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS & SOCIETY Unit 3 – Chapter 6.
Emotional Development More extreme emotions Emotions more changeable, fleeting –Moodiness is normal Decrease in overall happiness –Risk of depression What.
+ Bellwork Define all vocabulary for Chapter 28 P546 (homogamy, propinquity, complementary needs, exchange, criterion) P552 (readiness, jealousy, institution.
Chapter 10 Early Adulthood Ages
LEARNING THE WAYS OF SOCIETY. Process by which people learn… basic skills values beliefs behavior patterns of a society Stages of Socialization Childhood.
EXPLORING MARRIAGES AND FAMILY, 2ND EDITION Karen Seccombe
MENTAL HEALTH: Personality Development Ms. Mai Lawndale High School.
Feldman Child Development, 3/e ©2004 Prentice Hall Chapter 16 Social and Personality Development in Adolescence Child Development, 3/e by Robert Feldman.
Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood Chapter 19 © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor.
Mary McClure, EdD, LPC Class 3. Adolescents typically have a larger number of acquaintances than children do Beginning in early adolescence, teenagers.
CH: 14 LECTURE PREPARED BY: DR. M. SAWHNEY.  Stability and change from childhood to adulthood  Attraction, love, and close relationships  Adult lifestyles.
Continuity and Change Identity achieved Search for identity begins at puberty and continues much longer Seeking to determine who they are still exists.
Erickson’s Eight Stages of Development 1.03 Life Stages Erick Erikson, Psychologist.
CH 12 Lecture Prepared By Dr. M. Sawhney. Discussion Topics  The Self, Identity and Religious/Spiritual Development Self esteem Identity  Families Parental.
Building Responsible Relationships: Pairing, Commitment, & Marriage.
1 Adolescent Socio-emotional Development.  During adolescence, self consciousness takes center stage!  Teens focus on wondering “Who am I?” and “Where.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Developing Person Through the Life Span 8e by Kathleen Stassen Berger Chapter 16 – Adolescence: Psychosocial Development.
Erik Erikson.
Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood
Marriage and Parenting
Individual & Family Dynamics
The Developing Person Through the Life Span
Infants, Children, and Adolescents Laura E. Berk 6th edition
Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development
Erikson’s 8 psychosocial stages
Chapter 19– Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development Continuity and Change Identity Achieved The search for identity (see Chapter 16) begins at puberty.
Presentation transcript:

Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development of Ages Chapter 19 MarianaKennyDanaKymoneGuernise

Identity achieved Personality in emerging adulthood Continuity and Change

 In emerging adulthood, the legacy of early development is apparent amidst new achievement, as Erikson recognized in his description of the 5 th of 8 stages, identity versus role confusion  Emerging adulthood resolves the identity crisis that began in adolescence.

Identity achieved  Erikson believed the outcome of earlier crises provides the foundation of each new stage.  Arenas of Identity  Religious commitments  Gender roles  Political loyalties  Career options

Identity Achieved  Moratorium: Postponing identity achievement while they explore possibilities, reduce pressure to achieve identity  Avoiding marriage with college  College requirements discourage foreclosure  Interdisciplinary course load Other moratoria: military, religious mission work, apprenticeships, government, academe, and industry Other moratoria: military, religious mission work, apprenticeships, government, academe, and industry Provides time to make achievements in political/ethnic identity Provides time to make achievements in political/ethnic identity

Ethnic Identity  In the United Sates and Canada, almost 50% of year-olds are of African, Asian, Latino, or Native American heritage.  Emerging adults are particularly attuned to ethnic roots and future roles  Most emerging adults identify with very specific ethnic groups.  Adolescents may call themselves Asian-American; whereas adults specify as “Vietnamese-American”

Ethnic Identity  Ethnic identity is complex and pervasive, affecting language, manners, romance, employment, neighborhood, religion, clothing, and values.  It is reciprocal, both a personal choice and a response to others.  It depends on context, so it changes with time and circumstances  It is multifaceted; emerging adults accept some aspects and reject others

Ethnicity From You to Me  Emerging adults tend to have friends and acquaintances of many backgrounds as they become more aware of history, customs, and prejudices.  Realizing the importance of ethnicity for their classmates, Euro-Americans become more conscious of their own background.  Hispanic college students who resisted both assimilation and alienation fared best: They were able to maintain their ethnic identity, deflect stereotype threat, and become good students.

Colleges and Ethnicity  College classes attract many emerging adults who want to learn more about their own culture  Various extracurricular groups help solidify identity as students encounter others of similar backgrounds who confront the same issues.  Intimacy is aided by cultural similarity

The Other  Multiethnic identity: Young adult whose parents are from 2 ethnic groups  Pushed into being proudly biracial OR  Identify with whichever group experiences more prejudice  Immigrants: young adults whose parents were immigrants They experience added stress because combining their past and future means reconciling their heritage with their new social context They experience added stress because combining their past and future means reconciling their heritage with their new social context They encounter attitudes from the native-born that make them reexamine their identity They encounter attitudes from the native-born that make them reexamine their identity

Vocational Identity  Erikson’s industry v inferiority continues to evolve throughout early adulthood  Critical stage for the acquisition of resources : education, skills, and experience needed for life-long family and career success  Many attend college to prepare for a good job  Temp Jobs: between ages 18 and 27, avg US workers has held 8 jobs, with the college- educated changing jobs more than average.

Personality in Emerging Adulthood  After adolescence, new personality dimensions may appear and negative trails may diminish since emerging adults make choices that break with the past.  Freedom from marriage and parenthood allows shifts in attitude and personality.  Shifts toward positive development were also found in extremely shy and aggressive children.

Rising Self-Esteem  Attitudes continue and improve  Transitions such as moving away for college and getting married greatly increased well- being.  Those who became single parents or remained with parents make the least gains.  The many stresses and transitions of emerging adulthood might reduce self-esteem, but generally does not.  Most do not suffer from serious disorders.

Aggressive Children Grow Up  More likely to quit school and leave jobs before age 25  More conflicts with parents and friends when they became emerging adults  Like their peers in that they had an average amount of friends, pursued educated, and rate themselves conscientious.  Arrests were typically for minor offenses

Shy Children Grow Up  Inhibited children became cautious, reserved adults  slower than average to secure a job, choose a career, or find romance  Their delayed employment and later marriage were typical for new generation. What was considered to be a handicap in childhood may have become an asset.

Plasticity  How the brain is changed from experience  Changes such as leaving home, finding satisfying work one is good at might alter a person’s life course  Total change does not occur because of genes, childhood experiences, and family circumstances  Personality can shift in adulthood

friendship Intimacy

Intimacy vs. Isolation The sixth of Erikson’s eight stages of development The sixth of Erikson’s eight stages of development This stage takes place during young adulthood This stage takes place during young adulthood Erikson believed that having a fully formed sense of self is essential to be able to form intimate relationships Erikson believed that having a fully formed sense of self is essential to be able to form intimate relationships

 Studies have demonstrated that those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships, and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression.

Self-expansion  According to a more recent theory, an important aspect of close human connection is “self-expansion.”  Self-expansion – the idea that each of us enlarges our understanding, our experiences, and our resources through our intimate friend’s or partners.

Friendships  Unlike family members, friends are earned; they choose us.  Friend’s are positively correlated with happiness and self-esteem.

Friends in Emerging Adulthood Friendships between Women  Women tend to spend more time in intimate conversation, with more emotion than activity, perhaps commiserating rather than calling attention to their accomplishments. Friendships between Men  Men, by contrast, typically do things together- with outdoor activities frequently preferred.

Male-Female Friendships  Male-female friendships are less common for people at the extremes of gender identity (the very feminine girl or super masculine boy)

Romantic partners Intimacy

Romantic Partners  Love, Romance, Lasting commitment is important for emerging adults  Postponing, not abandoning marriage  The relationship with love and marriage depends on era and culture  1/3 of the world’s families are arranged marriages  1/3 of adolescents meet with a select group  1/3 expected to fall in love, but not marry

Romantic Partners The Dimensions of Love  Robert Sternberg(1988) described three distinct aspects of love  Passion  Intimacy  Commitment  The absence or presence of any three leads to 7 different forms of love(Table 19.3, Pg. 529)

Romantic Partners The Ideal and the Real  The western ideal involves Passion, Intimacy, and commitment  A combination of what is seen in movies, and the reality of the experience  In a Developmental POV, it is hard to achieve  Sexual attraction is important, but not for a long-term relationship  “Friends with Benefits”

Romantic Partners Hookups Without Commitment  In prior generations, it was either Prostitution or a “dirty secret”  Emerging Adults know their peers “hook-up”  No intimacy, no commitment  Differs between sexes

Romantic Partners Finding Each Other and Living Together  Social Networks  Matchmaking Website Disappointment  Choice Overload  Cohabitation  Longitudinal Research

What makes relationships succeed Conflict Intimacy

Changes in Marriage Patterns  Ties between marriage and childbearing ‘loosening’.  Less yr. olds are married today (12% men, 20% women between ages 20-25).  Fewer adults are married (57%) today compared to any year in the past.  Divorce rate is half the marriage rate.  Factors for good marriage include communication, financial security, and most importantly maturity.  For young wed couples if identity is not achieved first intimacy is elusive according to Erickson.

Similarities and Differences  Couples look for ‘like-minded’ mates with similar likes and dislikes.  Homogamy—marriage within same tribe or ethnic group  Heterogamy—marriage outside group.  Social homogamy—have similarity with specific roles and activities.  Experts believe this achievable but say that less than 1 in a 100 will find that ‘compatible’ mate.

Similarities and Differences cont.  Cohabitating couples now vs. cohabitating couples then ( when our parents and g-parents and beyond were living together).  With women driven to forge their place in the workforce, roles have changed.  Women want more men to contribute to home duties (yeah, OK!!), while men want to be more involved in child rearing.  Compromise biggest key here.  Not finding a middle ground leads to more separations.  For those that are able to meet half way and understand each other’s needs relationships are much happier.

Conflicts  Every intimate friendship can be destructive, even among friendships.  Homicide usually happens from someone close to the victim (friend, relative).  Most couples usually split and go separate ways instead of resorting to violence.

Learning to Listen  Conflict one reason for separations  ‘Fighting fair’→ resolution of conflict→ better understanding or resentment.  Demand/withdraw interactions→ one partner insists while the other retreats.  If helpful communication not achieved than this becomes extreme, leading to separations in most cases.

Intimate Partner Violence (abuse)  Communication has become impossible.  12% of men admit the have hit or shoved their partners. 1-3% have threatened with weapons.  3 factors: emerging adulthood (<25 yrs of age), and alcohol and drugs.  Self-deception and dishonesty probably means intimate partner violence is happening much more often.

Intimate Partner Violence cont.  When abuse includes insults, threats, and slaps (in addition to physical violence) then women are just as abusive as men.  Factors for abuse arise from poverty, youth, personality, mental illnesses and drug and alcohol abuses.  Kids who grow up to witness or experience abuse more likely to be abusive.  Situational couple violence vs. intimate terrorism.

Emerging adults and their parents Intimacy

As a family, each member gives meaning to, and provides models for personal aspirations and decisions.

Linked Lives  Experiences and needs of family members at one stage of life are affected by those at other stages.  Emerging Adults still live at home, especially if they are unmarried.  Ages  Dependent on their parents for support  Parents who encourage children to be independent or to stay home as long as they want differs in each culture

Parents support adult children financially through college tuition payments, free child care, living expenses, and other material support. Parents still make more income than their adult children at this stage.

A Global Perspective  Enmeshment: parents always knowing what their emerging- adult children are doing and thinking.  Intrusive parents may result in less happy and successful children depending on the culture.  Relationships are said to improve when young adults leave home  As young as age 18, American young adults leave home more commonly than in other countries. Freedom from parental limits is often the only benefit. However parents are often not abandoned after their children leave home, as each family member continues to feel obligation to each other.

Finally…  If they postpone marriage, prevent parenthood, and avoid a set career until their identity is firmly established and their education complete, they may be ready for all commitments and responsibilities of adulthood.