PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM UNDER HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS Third WECARD/CORAF Agricultural Science Week Ndjamena, May 2012 Falalou Hamidou ICRISAT Niger
Introduction Research Methods Results and discussions Conclusions Outline
Drought and heat: - crops production constraints - Increase due to climate change - food insecurity, poverty in Sahel Groundnut: - Sahelian poor-resources farmers - production decreasing - by 2025, yield loss 11-25% and $500 M/Y Crucial to investigate groundnut response to drought and heat stress Selection of adapted lines for improving productivity INTRODUCTION
Sadore, Ideal location for screening for drought and heat tolerance INTRODUCTION
Field Pots (Greenhouse) Objectives: Select new sources of Intermittent drought and heat tolerance-Identify tolerance traits Research Methods Approach : combine field and control conditions Lysimetre
Higher VPD and soil temperature under HT than MT conditions MT = moderate temperature (rainy season), HT = high temperature (hot off-season), = 2008, 2009 and 2010 Intermittent drought: flowering time Methods
Wide genotypic variation under WW and WS Decrease: 72% in HT, 55% in MT Results and discussions Pod yield of screened groundnut reference collection WW WS WW = well-watered WS = water stress Hamidou et al., Field Crops Res, 126,
WW WS - representation of all Geno and Env, - Env similarity/dissimilarity, - Geno distribution across Env Mega Environments under ww and ws, GxE interaction Genotype and Genotype by Environment (GGE) biplot:
WS Specific adaptation: Which won where? Winning geno: - MT08: 46, MT09: 168, HT :111, 205 Broad adapted geno - MTHT: 205, 35 Traits/mechanisms DS ≠ DS+HS
High correlation between pod yield and partition rate under WS conditions Which traits/mechanisms? Partition rate = dry matter partitioned into pods Hamidou et al., J. Agro Crop Sci, In press
Contrasting genotypes under different environments and water regimes MT > HT, heat effect on pod formation and/or assimilates remobilization
Ongoing and future research on contrasting lines Water extraction and reproductive process under drought/heat stress in lysimetric system QTLs for drought and heat tolerance traits
Conclusions Genotypic variation for drought and heat tolerance Pod yield decrease HT>MT Heat effects on reproductive process in groundnut GxE interaction exists, investigation of tolerance traits Partition rate revealed a drought and heat tolerance trait
Acknowledgements We are grateful to : - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the financial support (Tropical Legume I project) - CORAF/WECARD for the financial support to participate to this Third Agricultural Science Week - Technicians and students of physiology laboratory, ICRISAT Sadore-Niger
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION MERCI BEAUCOUP