MOLECULAR SHAPES. What is the shape of this gerber daisy? Looks two-dimensional but in reality it is three-dimensional.

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Presentation transcript:

MOLECULAR SHAPES

What is the shape of this gerber daisy? Looks two-dimensional but in reality it is three-dimensional.

Electron Dot Structure (Lewis Structure) Structural Formula Molecular Shape What is the shape of a molecule of methane? Methane is also three-dimensional. A Molecule of Methane

Molecules have three-dimensional shapes. There are many different molecular shapes possible. How can we determine what shape a particular molecule will have?

VSEPR Theory (Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion) VSEPR theory states that repulsion between the pairs of valence-electrons surrounding an atom causes these electron pairs to be oriented as far apart as possible. HH

Linear Cl H Diatomic molecules are always linear.

Linear BeF 2 No unshared pairs

The bond angle in linear molecules is 180°.

Trigonal-planar BF 3 No unshared pairs

The bond angle in trigonal planar molecules is 120°.

Tetrahedral CH 4 No unshared pairs

The bond angle in tetrahedral molecules is 109.5°.

A pair of unshared electrons What things are around nitrogen? Bonding electrons

O N F.. BENT Electrons repel each other.

BENT One unshared pair

Water O H H.. BENT Two unshared pair

BENT Water The bond angle in water is 104.4°.

NH 3 TRIGONAL-PYRAMIDAL

One unshared pair TRIGONAL-PYRAMIDAL