The Age of Imperialism

What is Imperialism? The process of one people ruling or controlling another. The process of one people ruling or controlling another. Europeans set up trading post during Age of Exploration Europeans set up trading post during Age of Exploration At first unable to move inland because of powerful native empires At first unable to move inland because of powerful native empires By the late 1700’s they were able to achieve inland movement By the late 1700’s they were able to achieve inland movement

Two factors allowing inland rule Two factors allowing inland rule New technology New technology Military advantages over Africans and Asians Military advantages over Africans and Asians steam engines, machine guns, exploding shells steam engines, machine guns, exploding shells Africans and Asians couldn’t match Africans and Asians couldn’t match

Weakening Empires Weakening Empires Mughal Empire declining in India Mughal Empire declining in India Ottoman Empire lost strength in North Africa Ottoman Empire lost strength in North Africa Qing dynasty in China faced rebellions Qing dynasty in China faced rebellions these declines lead to limited resistance these declines lead to limited resistance

British East India Company (EIC) started early imperialism started early imperialism controlled trade between India and Britain controlled trade between India and Britain hence controlled money hence controlled money money is power money is power became enmeshed in Indian politics became enmeshed in Indian politics

British take Control Mughal empire declines Mughal empire declines breaks apart into small states breaks apart into small states East India company plays state rulers against each other East India company plays state rulers against each other this keeps India in chaos this keeps India in chaos EIC moves in with own armies in the name of GB (GREAT BRITAIN) EIC moves in with own armies in the name of GB (GREAT BRITAIN)

EIC introduced new education system EIC introduced new education system English language English language British laws British laws banning Indian/Hindu laws banning Indian/Hindu laws sati- widows throwing themselves on funeral fires sati- widows throwing themselves on funeral fires Christian missionaries Christian missionaries Indians thought British were trying to destroy customs and Hinduism completely Indians thought British were trying to destroy customs and Hinduism completely

Hindu sati

Sepoy Mutiny Relationships between Indians and British Relationships between Indians and British sepoy- Indians who fought in British army sepoy- Indians who fought in British army Muslim/Hindu culture Muslim/Hindu culture pork/beef pork/beef sepoys forced to bite cartridges sepoys forced to bite cartridges seen as another attempt to defuse culture seen as another attempt to defuse culture

Indians retaliate by killing British officers women and children Indians retaliate by killing British officers women and children British respond with extreme brutality as well British respond with extreme brutality as well burning suspected rebel villages burning suspected rebel villages hanged suspected rebels as well hanged suspected rebels as well distrust between the two remained distrust between the two remained

The Raj Raj-meaning rule Raj-meaning rule India was Britain's most rewarding colony India was Britain's most rewarding colony Indians resented this Raj Indians resented this Raj leads to strong feelings of nationalism leads to strong feelings of nationalism resentment of British resentment of British

ICS (Indian Civil Service) was the administration of India ICS (Indian Civil Service) was the administration of India employed very few Indians employed very few Indians frustrated educated Indians frustrated educated Indians Indians were treated as second class citizens Indians were treated as second class citizens THE BRITISH THE BRITISH lived in segregated neighborhoods lived in segregated neighborhoods had exclusive clubs not allowing Indians had exclusive clubs not allowing Indians Bragged that they were doing a favor for Indians by ‘westernizing’ them Bragged that they were doing a favor for Indians by ‘westernizing’ them

Raj Positives railroads/canals railroads/canals India became 4 th largest rail network in world India became 4 th largest rail network in world to move troops to trouble spots to move troops to trouble spots to sell British goods to sell British goods Indian and economy Indian and economy important market for British goods important market for British goods significant source for raw materials significant source for raw materials cotton, tea, indigo cotton, tea, indigo India’s textile industry was shut down India’s textile industry was shut down

Indian National Congress INC (Indian National Congress) was formed because INC (Indian National Congress) was formed because The ICS (Indian Civil Service) ruled India, but consisted mostly of British Citizens instead of Indians The ICS (Indian Civil Service) ruled India, but consisted mostly of British Citizens instead of Indians The ICS restricted rights for Indians The ICS restricted rights for Indians Indians wanted freedom of speech and religion Indians wanted freedom of speech and religion INC founded 1885 INC founded 1885 first requested more positions in the ICS first requested more positions in the ICS becomes radical when Britain tried to partition Bengal becomes radical when Britain tried to partition Bengal Indians thought this was attempt to split Hindu pop. Indians thought this was attempt to split Hindu pop.

swadeshi (own country) swadeshi (own country) boycott on British goods boycott on British goods wear only Indian garmets wear only Indian garmets publicly burned British cloth publicly burned British cloth some attacked British officials some attacked British officials